The Invisible Poor :: essays research papers

I believe that the wealthy Americans have moved farther away from the poor then in retiring(a) generations. James Fallows in The Invisible Poor clearly shows how the new technology millionaires awareness of the poor has diminished greatly. I believe that this is due to several reasons the to the highest degree important being the young age in which wealth and success are reached.The technology millionaires are much younger then previous generations of millionaires and thus are removed much earlier one. They find success very easy and can not see why others cant obtain the same wealth as they have.They also limit their circle of friends to those with similar interests or backgrounds. They have restrict date and only spend what free time they have (beyond family and work obligations) with those who they are comfortable with.This comfort is generated by their common threads such as education, similar employment or social activities. When the robust stay within this circle they n o longer are exposed to the poor and thus they forget that they exist. When they are exposed to the poorer people it makes them uncomfortable (like when the cleanup spot lady was around) instead of plentying with it or helping they choose to avoid the situation. Figuring if you avoid it then youre not admitting that it exists, thus not having to deal with them. I believe that since the article was written times have changed somewhat with the collapse of the stock market in a sense. Many people losing their jobs in the high tech world may bring some of them back to reality and ack right awayledge those less fortunate. They are now looking for jobs and finding that their skills were limited to the high tech industry. Many are now taking lower paying jobs to get by. They have discovered that the wealth of stock options are now worth allot less. Making many of them near poverty themselves.

Free Essays - Catcher in the Rye :: Catcher Rye Essays

J.D Salinger gives his personal vision of the world successfully through his persona Holden Caulfield in the Catcher in the rye whisky. Caulfield struggles with the background of New York to portray Salingers theme you must live the world as it is, not as you would like it to be. There by exposing Salingers vision on the world. Salinger went through numerous of the experiences Holden went though. Salinger much like Holden had a sister that he loved very much, in the novel Phoebe is the altogether person that Holden speaks highly of both men also spent time in a mental institution Holden is telling the story from inside a institution they were both kicked out of prep school and most importantly they were both a recluse from society. This is why Salinger uses Holden as his persona all though out the book. The catcher in they Rye is almost like an autobiography for Salinger. He is using Holden as his persona to let us, the reader, dive into his thought ideal and find out some of th e thoughts that he kept locked up in there. Salingers view of the world is lived out thought Holden his persona. The novel is Holdens locomote of conscience as he is talking to a psychoanalyst what would an psychoanalyst dogets you to talkfor one thing hed help you to contend the patterns of your mind. At the start of the novel it is addressed directly to us if you really want to hear about it. This gives us a sense of pragmatism as though it is us that is the psychiatrist. We see the random thought patterns of Holdens mind as he starts to feel more comfortable, Holden goes off on to many different tangents while he is talking. Salinger is using Holden as a type of easy way out to confess his view of the world. This view is portrayed though two main aspects of the novel. Firstly theme - you must live in a world as it is, not as you would like it to be. Holden cant seem to accept the world as it is and finds New York extremely phoney. Holden has a great disliking for the movies, he finds them the phoniest of them all I hate the movies like envenom and he cant believe that people actually make time to go to the there.

Pollution Essays -- essays research papers

Pollution, contamination of Earths environs with materials that interfere with human health, the quality of life, or the natural functioning of ecosystems (living organisms and their corporal surroundings). Although some environmental pollution is a result of natural causes such as volcanic eruptions, most is caused by human activities.There are twain main categories of polluting materials, or pollutants. advert Biodegradable pollutants are materials, such as sewage, that rapidly decompose by natural processes. These pollutants become a problem when added to the environment faster than they can decompose (see Sewage Disposal). Nondegradable pollutants are materials that either do not decompose or decompose slowly in the natural environment. in one case contamination occurs, it is difficult or impossible to remove these pollutants from the environment. Nondegradable compounds such as dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT), dioxins, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), and radioactiv e materials can reach dangerous levels of accumulation as they are passed up the food chain into the bodies of progressively larger animals. For example, molecules of toxic compounds may collect on the surface of aquatic plants without doing much damage to the plants. A vitiated fish that grazes on these plants accumulates a high concentration of the toxin. Larger fish or other carnivores that eat the small fish will accumulate veritable(a) greater, and possibly life-threatening, concentrations of the compound. This process is known as bioaccumulation.II. Impacts of PollutionPrint sectionBecause humans are at the top of the food chain, they are particularly vulnerable to the effects of nondegradable pollutants. This was understandably illustrated in the 1950s and 1960s when residents living near Minamata Bay, Japan, developed nervous disorders, tremors, and paralysis in a mysterious epidemic. More than 400 people died sooner authorities discovered that a local industry had releas ed mercury into Minamata Bay. This highly toxic element accumulated in the bodies of local fish and eventually in the bodies of people who consumed the fish. More recently research has revealed that many chemical pollutants, such as DDT and PCBs, mimic sex hormones and interfere with the human bodys reproductive and developmental functions. These substances are known as endocrine disrupters. See Occupationa... ...es of excessive noise.Page 1 of 2See an outline for this term.How to cite this article 1993-2001 Microsoft Corporation. All Rights Reserved.AdvertisementRelated ArticlesAir Pollutionbioindicators of environmental damageMore... BooksEncarta recommendsSearch for books closely Pollution at BarnesandNoble.comPeriodicalsSearch for periodical articles about Pollution in electric car Library.Free registration requiredEncarta Training CenterSearch for courses and materials on PollutionInternet Searchfrom MSN SearchNewsfrom MSNBCRelated Web SitesEPA US Environmental Protection A gencyNoise Pollution ClearinghouseMore DetailsAlso on Encarta10 words you should knowQwest managed solutionsAlso on MSNMSN Pets facts about furry friendsReal estate tips from HomeAdvisorOur PartnersThe Princeton ReviewStudentloan.comEncarta Reference LibraryLearn about our award-winning CD and DVD productsPlease rate Encartas 12345-select a reason- Exactly what I needed Was too technical Didnt provide enough detail Was out of date article on this topic. Poor Excellent Main reason for your rating

Video Games Essay -- Technology Electronics Entertainment Essays

Video Games I. The Video or Computer Game Industry The now multi-billion dollar tv set game industry starting slowly. In 1972, Atari developed Pong, a simple tennis-like game played on the television screen. Pongwas followed by Space Invadersin 1978 (Griffiths 223). Since then, thousands of games are functional over the Internet, on CDROM for personal computers, hand-held units, and television console units like Playstation, Nintento, and Sega. Further, the market has developed beyond just entertainment, now providing educational games that make skill fun. Commercially successful titles sell around 350,000 copies and a few go beyond sales of one million units (Sanchez-Crespo Dalmau 3). Top selling games like Myst (for PCs) and concluding Fantasy (for consoles) have sold over six million units (Sanchez-Crespo Dalmau 3). II. Video Games and an Overview of How They Work Put simply, moving-picture show games are interactive entertainment with sophisticated artistic creatio n and speed. They challenge the players mental agility, as in games like Myst and its sequel Riven (where players solve puzzles and obtain fragments of a story to complete the game) and/or hand-eye agility, like All-Star Baseball, Combat Flight Simulator, and Mortal Combat, typically at increasing levels of difficulty, with some games taking over 100 hours to complete. Although not all games involve opponents and competition, games that are played off-line (not connected to the Internet) allow players to interact with the virtual inhabitants of the game. Games that can be played on-line, facilitate multi-player interactivity and competition over the Internet. Once a video game is loaded, either from CDROM or downloaded from the Internet, the player can ente... ...Griffiths, Mark. Computer Game Playing in Early Adolescence. Youth and Society. (1997) 223-235. Funk, Jeanne B., et al. Rating Electronic Games Violence Is in the Eye of the Beholder. Youth and Society. 30.2 (1999) 283-213. Peckham, Virginia. Well-Connected. Curriculum Administrator. 36.11 (2000) 26-32. 7 pp. 15 Nov. 2001 Perry, Tekla S. and Paul Wallich. Video Games. McGraw-Hill Encyclopedia of Science and Technology 8th ed. 1997. Pooley, Eric. Portrait of a Deadly Bond. Time. 10 May 1999 26-32. Quittner, Joshua. Are Video Games Really So Bad?. Time. 10 May 1999 50-58. Seid, Nancy. Why War Games Arent Childs Play. Parents. Nov 2000 167-174. Tedeschi, Bob. Information Overload. Parents. Nov 2000 167-174.

Poor Communications and Conflict Essay -- Functions of Communication

Is most conflict in an organisation is caused by poor communication? If we had perfect communication would conflict cease? tump over for example, an e-mail asking for some information yesterday to stress how important this request is. The sender thinks e-mails are great as they travel at the revive of light and spell things out in black & white. The pass capturer may consider that if its in a e-mail then it cant be that urgent because servers can loose, misdirect or delay an e-mails transmission. They may also consider that as the information was wanted yesterday its already too modern to be effectively utilised. Both parties saw the same communiqu, neither read the same message. Each will blame the other for failing to communicate by rights and conflict may result. E-mail flame wars are a high tech twist on whispering campaigns. And like the system of claims & loyalties in a feudal states the smallest e-mail spat can spiral out of control with careless use of the C.C. and B.C. C functions. Drucker (1977)says that there are four fundamentals of communication communication is perception of the recipient not the utterance of the instigator communication is expectation in that recipients will heed only what they are expecting to hear communication makes demands of the recipient that they become someone, do or believe something communication and information are different and largely opposite - yet interdependent Employees need to eff a number of things such as what is expected of them, how they are performing and how can they advance. If these are not communicated, on a regular basis, then role or expectation conflict will develop and motivation decline as the employee is berated for failing to meet the goals their superiors are convinced they assigned them. But if this is all the communication they receive they may begin to feel like machines. According to Pearson & Thomas there are three levels of communication that employees need, these being Must know dis cussed above. Should know which includes profound staff changes and company/market developments. Then could know which although having no operational impact makes life more interesting. Office gossip is only a could know but probably the communication that really binds a company together. Barring security, legal and share price sensitive data everyone should... ...s healthy. If people drive each other openly in your presence for what they believe in thats healthy. But keep all the conflict eyeball to eyeball as contrary to back stabbing Towsend,R Orders flow down a company hierarchy. Communication of the understanding of such flows upwards. Crosswise people share information on getting things through with(p) often in contravention of policies Employees need direction, information and entertainment accurately and truthfully delivered by both the formal and informal company chains of communication. References DRUCKER, P (1977) People and Performance The best of Peter Drucker on M anagement Heinemann. DRUCKER, P (1974) Management Tasks, Responsibilities, Practices Butterworth. PEARSON, B & THOMAS, N (1991) The Shorter MBA harpistCollins TOWSEND, R (1988) Further up the Organisation Harper & Row Bibliography BUHLER, PM(1999) Supervision, Vol. 60 Issue 2, p16, 3p KREITNER, R et al (1993) Organizational Behaviour McGrawHill PUGH, DS (1971) Organization Theory Pelican PUGH, DS & HICKSON, DJ (1964) Writers on Organisations Penguin THOMAS, AB (1993) Controversies in Management Routledge

Modern Feminism and Violence Against Women Essay -- Gender Studies

The 20th century has seeing many progresses for women across the world. Prehistory showed that women could not vote, educational refuge excluded them, and work outside the home was limited. Women forthwith live longer and are more educated, enjoy more job opportunities, and earn a little high salary. However, we pipe down live in a world were society is run by religious laws, customs, and male dominances. These traditions and customs still limit women mobility and women are still regarded as subordinate to men and violence against women still exists despite having many strives in the 20th century. In many countries around the world women still take place themselves limited from education, employment, health care, political influences, wage equality, and rights solely due to their gender. Whereby, violence against women is regarded as unfair treatment towards women and it reflects the inequality which still exists in our society today between genders. However the invention of mo dern feminism has been the naming and exposure of the violence women endure. Modern feminism would argue that violence against women is not just related to to men in power, nor that women enjoy violence and domination, and or that victim of abuse invited the violence on themselves but rather rape and any other stage of violence against women is a social and societal, historic and cultural, and economical issue that is rooted in the relationship of power and dominance between men and women which is infused in a patriarchy society.The main focus of this story is to explore how violence against women is viewed in modern feminism. First, the term modern feminism and violence against women will be defined. This paper will be using term such as gender which refers to h... ..., D. (2010). Counting woman abuse a cautionary tale of two surveys. international Journal of Social Research Methodology, 13(3), 265-275. inside10.1080/13645579.2010.482263Dekeseredy, W.(2011). Feminist contrib utions to understanding woman abuse Myths, controversies, and realities Aggression and Violent Behavior. Retrieved on February 19, 2012, from, http//www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1359178911000541Roberts, D. E. (1994). SYMPOSIUM GENDER ISSUES AND THE crook LAW. FOREWORD THE MEANING OF GENDER EQUALITY IN CRIMINAL LAW. Journal of Criminal Law & Criminology, 85(1), 1-14Nayak, M., & Suchland, J. (2006). Gender Violence And Hegemonic Projects. International Feminist Journal Of Politics,8(4), 467-485. doi10.1080/14616740600945024VanNatta, M. (2005). Constructing the Battered Woman. Feminist Studies, 31(2), 416-443

Modern Feminism and Violence Against Women Essay -- Gender Studies

The 20th century has seeing many progresses for wo workforce across the world. Prehistory showed that women could not vote, educational institution excluded them, and work outside the topographic point was limited. Women today live longer and are more educated, do it more job opportunities, and earn a little higher salary. However, we still live in a world were society is run by religious laws, customs, and male dominances. These traditions and customs still limit women mobility and women are still regarded as subordinate to men and violence against women still exists despite having many strives in the 20th century. In many countries around the world women still find themselves limited from education, employment, health care, policy-making influences, wage equality, and rights solely due to their gender. Whereby, violence against women is regarded as unfair treatment towards women and it reflects the inequality which still exists in our society today between genders. However the dodge of modern feminism has been the naming and exposure of the violence women endure. Modern feminism would argue that violence against women is not just related to men in power, nor that women enjoy violence and domination, and or that victim of abuse invited the violence on themselves but rather rape and any other act of violence against women is a complaisant and societal, historic and cultural, and economical issue that is rooted in the relationship of power and dominance between men and women which is infused in a patriarchy society.The main accent of this paper is to explore how violence against women is viewed in modern feminism. First, the term modern feminism and violence against women will be defined. This paper will be victimization term such as gender which refers to h... ..., D. (2010). Counting woman abuse a cautionary tale of two surveys. International Journal of Social look Methodology, 13(3), 265-275. doi10.1080/13645579.2010.482263Dekeseredy, W.(2011). Fem inist contributions to understanding woman abuse Myths, controversies, and realities Aggression and Violent Behavior. Retrieved on February 19, 2012, from, http//www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1359178911000541Roberts, D. E. (1994). SYMPOSIUM sex ISSUES AND THE CRIMINAL LAW. FOREWORD THE MEANING OF GENDER EQUALITY IN CRIMINAL LAW. Journal of Criminal Law & Criminology, 85(1), 1-14Nayak, M., & Suchland, J. (2006). Gender Violence And Hegemonic Projects. International Feminist Journal Of Politics,8(4), 467-485. doi10.1080/14616740600945024VanNatta, M. (2005). Constructing the Battered Woman. Feminist Studies, 31(2), 416-443

The Role and Involvement of Senior Management

This essay will analyse the roles and involvement of senior management in determining and executing strategic info transcription in a international organisation. This will explain how organisation can beat the threat when competing in a world(prenominal) market and what schema they needs to follow that will enable their course to stand out among other competitive market.Also this topic will states the paramount of instruction organization in helping organisation in making strategic decision in all area of their business and what they need to put in give for them to be successful in their orbiculate business such as like Geographical, their local business partners, the structure of the business, the business legislation in their coveted area of location how all this is paramount will be discuss in the essay.I will argue about the assumption of universality of stinting entrance and directment which is incompatible the reality and development slipway in the developing and de veloped countries. Role and involvement of senior management in global organisation The pulmonary tuberculosis and insight of Strategic Information System (SIS) was linked with IT and IS and is purpose is to supporter the senior manager to control more effectively in order to improve the areas of communication and to progress in decision making.As the improvement in technology developed the focal point was motivated in the running performance of an organisation processes to a long term strategic view they desired. This was done by using an adopting technologies and systems which helps the management to redesign their existing ways of running and ensuring there is stability in their path. After seeing that there is a superior understanding of the organisation the management were able to be familiar with new ways of utilizing the technology which subsequently make it possible for them to be more effective of the use of information.In all organisations information system plays a vita l role in the operation of the business which surrenders the organisation to process information using database, communication, system and many other applications. In the recent twelvemonth Information system has become well-known as a means of absorption and the enabler of new competitiveness for todays scheme in the global organisation. It is very important for senior managers to have a good understanding of the effective and responsible use of information system which will enable them to be successful in their area of businesses when operating in a global environment.When it comes to the aspect of processing decision senior management rely on information systems in making strategic outcome. As a senior management when introducing a strategic information system in Global organisation they mustiness ensure that the importance of user must be involve when making the process and the mangers must fork up a guide line which will allow them to maximize user or customer involvement in the design and implementation of a strategic information.Also when the management are making a determination and executing a strategic in a global organisation there are ways in which they can liked their business strategy to define the business needs and structure which will help them in driven into information system and one of the way they can use to do this is by looking into the competitive advantage.There are different types of strategies which the management can put into consideration in order for them to differentiate their reaping in a competitive market and they can use generic strategies which will help them in reducing their cost, differentiate their output in which they provide on market niche (porter, 1980). In addition, evidence shows that companies that globalize achieve better competitive and financial performance. But globalizing, in the sense of spreading activities roughly the world, is not enough. Companies also need to be globally integrated.They need globa lly coherent strategies, global networks, and the ability to maximize profits on a global basis. When considering the geographic and time that might stands like a barrier to promote the organisation in the global world information system can assist the senior management in this particular aspect and the way they can promotes the business is to provides an online electronic market place where customers can purchase any of their product at any particular hours of time. Also they need to understand the business language whenever the location of the business is situated.In looking for a way to develop an appropriate Information system strategies it is very usual to put some form of smother analysis which will help the management in identifying the hole of where the organisation are and where they want to progress to. Conclusion This essay are critically analyse the roles of management in executing strategic information system and has analyse the important of information system which wi ll help them to make a development in their business and to be successful in the globalisation market or organisation environment.An important key factor of this essay is that the commitment of senior management in a global organisation is so essential which lead them to think of the effectiveness of technology and the way they can transform the business that will be different from other competitive market. The choices to be make in order to beat organisational boundaries such as marketing, operations, finance, legal, business partners, location and other strategic decision can only be made by senior management.

Macbeth Dreams Visions and Hallucinations Rereading

The influence of Dreams, Visions and Hallucinations in Macbeth and other Literary Texts The realities of the world affected me as visions, and as visions only, while the wild ideas of the land of imagines became, in turn,not the material of my every-day existencebut in very deed that existence utterly and solo in itself. - Edgar Allan Poe Uncanny encounters with visions and hallucinations blur the presumed constraints of clip and space. The phantasms or sensory impressions incited by diurnal experiences which are abortiveized in normal consciousness, gets holistically unveiled by dint of deception of ambitiousnesss.Referring to one of the foremost exponents of weird literature Howard Phillips Lovecraft, definite emotions of pain and pleasure were associated to phenomena whose reach and effect could be discerned by men but those beyond his baron of comprehension were marvellously interpreted as marvelous ploys thus, sowing the seeds of awe among a race possessing limited ex perience. The process of dreaming aided in constructing the notion of an unreal or spiritual world towards which mans natural response was fear and hence, mans hereditary essence became saturated with superstitions.Though the territory of the incomprehensible has diminished in the present times, a physiological fixation in our nervous tissues makes the inherent associations, clinging around objects and processes once mysterious (but now explainable), become artisan even when the conscious mind has been purged of all wonder. The appearance of the three Weird sisters at the inception of Shakespeares timeless play, Macbeth, excites a sense of awe linked with a subtle dread due to contact with unknow spheres and forces and their re-appearance in the third scene after the Kings order establishes the influence of supernatural soliciting.The role of imagination is indispensible since, the deadly outcomes stemmed from imaginings of a sensitive mind and even the exposure of the crime happ ens due to the hallucination of the criminal which provides the turning head teacher of the play. While Holinsheds Macbeth was merely a brave warrior turned cruel offer, Shakespeares Macbeth has an overtly fertile imagination which plays dual roles when kindled with hope, it impels him to stifle the utterance of his conscience for engaging in a heinous crime and also, increases the anguish of guilt when plagued with fear. Aristotles tragic hero has the crowning virtue or largesse (derived from the Greek word, megalospuchia) as a consequence of which, he knows no pettiness or restrictions and fearlessly pursues his passions. That Macbeth effectively slips into the role of an Aristotelian tragic hero becomes foreseeable early in the play in form I, Scene 3 from his reaction to the prediction of the Weird Sisters which immediately gives rise to a horrid visualise which while, unsettling him propels him to play and replay the prophecies in his mind till he starts to believe in th eir future possibility and is driven towards their attainment.Contradictorily, Banquo is guided by reason and though the third witch predicts Thou shalt get kings, he prevents himself from taking whatsoever drastic step Oftentimes to win us to our harm, / The instruments of darkness tell us the trues. The disparity in personality of the different characters is ruled by the varied degrees of imaginativeness which originate from the varying proportions of humours in each person. According to the Greek scientists Hipp ocrates and Galen, a persons character was influenced by a blending of four fluids or humours-black bile, phlegm, yellow bile and blood which ruled the body.Later, the Elizabethans applied this ideology in medical treatment and associated each humour with one of the four temperaments-melancholic (excess of black bile), phlegmatic (surplus of phlegm), hotheaded (predominance of yellow bile) and sanguine (superfluity of blood). Unbalance in proportion of any one of the humours perturbs psychological poise, aggravates the inherent hamartia or tragic flaw in the character while making the mind more sensitive to the impressions of visions and hallucinations.Anderson describes choleric individuals as easily provoked, given to treachery, vehement in action fierce in assailing but inconstant in sustaining assault inclined to envy, pride, prodigality, and wrath. In Act 1, Scene 5, Lady Macbeth is faced simultaneously with two revelations- a letter from Macbeth disclosing the witches portent of kingship and the intelligence operation of King Duncans arrival conveyed by a messenger following which she delivers her famous soliloquy where she calls upon the familiar spirits to change her temperament to choleric. Choler could be intrinsic, or the effects of astrology, diet or even time of the day.With her desires that no compunctious visitings of nature thwart her purpose, she unwittingly implies the cessation of her periodic menstrual flow and the murth ring ministers are called upon to replace the nutritive fluid in her breasts with impudence or choler. According to Malleus Maleficarum, the Devils power is greatest where human sexuality is concerned and all witchcraft comes from carnal lust, which is in women unsatiable, hence, the Weird Sisters who throw been unsexed themselves and are known to sport beards defeminises Lady Macbeth, turning her thus, into the fourth witch.Since, she feels that her save is too full of the milk of human philanthropy and in spite of being ambitious, he lacks the choleric illness necessary to drive him to his purpose, she embraces biological and subsequently, psychological unsexing in order to impart to her husband by persuasion the choleric drive the supernatural spirits have bestowed on her and thus the tangible world of action and the surreal world becomes interlinked.Annihilating Macbeths qualms regarding the murder of the sanguine Duncan by provoking in his mind fantastic images of kingship , she relieves him of his melancholy temperament. While choler keeps the body vitalized, corrupt choler results in evil passions and odious dreams which accounts for Macbeths murder of reason and consequent inability to distinguish between the real and the illusory in front Duncans murder.The illusionary significance of the dagger (floating before Macbeth) is that it is air-drawn consigns it to the dominion of the witches (they made themselves air they vanished/into the air infected be the air whereon they ride). Again, Macbeths auditory hallucinations preceding the commitment of the murder which involves the continual knock on the gate (or his own conscience) in the porter scene and the ominous whispering Sleep no more Macbeth does murder sleep coupled with the spook of Banquo (visible solely to Macbeth) implies that conscientious nagging is still alive and he has still not been able to gain command over corrupting choler. However, after a few consequent murders, Macbeth attains immunity to fear (the quality of a seasoned warrior) and a stoic control while Lady Macbeth, who had chided him for his weakness earlier, degenerates. By sexual perversion of humours, she succumbs to insanity whose symptoms include sleepwalking. Michel Foucault notes in Madness and Civilization that madness in literature and art appears around the late 1400s.While it was sometimes used in the battlefield as a device for entertaining the audiences, madness, often conflated with foolery, had still other powers the punishment it inflicts multiplies by nature insofar as, by punishing itself, it unveils the truth. This is certainly the font in Shakespeare, whose fools, madmen, and madwomen all remind each man of his truth. Left to their imaginings, the insane might revert to more vivid mental pictures, as when Lady Macbeth in her somnambulism, reproaches her husband Fie, my lord, fie, a soldier, and afeard? and instructs him, Wash your hands, put on your nightgown look not so pale Mu sic intensifies imagination and in Orson Wells sleepwalking scene, Lady Macbeths voice moves from its usual low tones to a high-pitched sing-song, impersonating that of the witches as they cast their spells, again uncannily bridging the chasm of the supernatural and the real. . Macbeths cost increase choleric ambition incites his oedipal hubris and he, with the same anxiety which impelled Oedipus to know the Oracle of Delphi, seeks knowledge of the security of his ill-acquired kingship.The three apparitions which the Witches summon before Macbeth comprising an armed head, a bloody child and child crowned with a tree in his hand accompanied with the foretelling none of charr born shall harm Macbeth or Macbeth shall never vanquishd be until Great Birnam wood to high Dunsinane Hill shall come against him and lastly, the show of a line of eight kings with Banquo at the end, unsettles Macbeth. On his quest to know more, the Witches perform a mad dance and disappear engulfing him in a g reater perplexity of the fleeting panoramas and deceiving predictions.Macbeths dilemma concerning whether to assurance the apparitions or not echoes the eternal debate regarding whether illusions can be treated as banes or boons. While Biblical injunctions state that the dreams or visions which promise truth in actuality are like wind and buttocks, deceptorium and vanuum, Gregory believes in the usefulness of certain dreams. Again, Aristotelian works reinforced the growing tendency to associate dreams with psychological and corporate processes, dismissing the divine or supernatural origin of dreams, confining them to the mundane realm.In 13th and 14th centuries, writers continued to argue that dreams come from varied sources- internal and external, divine, mundane and demonic, and the dream remained strongly associated with the intermediate psychic realm of imagination, bridging body and mind, the physical and the abstract. The conclusion was reached that dreams of psychosomatic, diabolic and divine nature were possible and the psychologist Jean de la Rochelle emphasized the dreams duplicity according to which if he dream arose due to the operation of the spiritual essence that is devil, it is called illusion. Similarly, if the dream was triggered by a good spiritual substance, it was known as a revelation. In Macbeths case, it is conceived then that the illusions outnumbered the revelations leading him gradually to his downfall-his bad angel fires his good one out. Macbeths vision and hallucinations have influenced myriads of later literary works including Harry Potter and the Order of Phoenix, the fifth book in the series by Rowling. nary(prenominal) only does the notion of disclosure of the prophecy by Professor Trelawney claiming that neither could live while the other survived reverberates the theme of the Witches prophecies central to the play, throughout the book, Harry continues to have perturbing dreams. Through Harrys psychic connection with Volde mort, he has the premonition in which he sees himself transfigured into a snake about to attack Arthur Weasley, his friend Rons father which propels him to raise an scandalize thus saving a tone.While this vision, though inadvertent, acts as a boon, later, partially due to Harrys failure at Occlumency( the art of compartmentalizing ones emotions and thoughts), Voldemort takes the role of the evil Witches, invading his mind and creating the illusion of his godfather, Sirius Blacks imminent danger. Harrys belief in the hallucination in this case, ushers tho peril, resulting in the loss of Blacks life.Even in the genre of graphic novels, the first dialogue of the protagonist blood feud in Alan Moores V for Vendetta, is borrowed from Macbeth, The multiplying villainies of nature do swarm upon him and proceeds to explore the common theme of hallucinations. For reshaping Eveys character and to purge her of the weaknesses preventing her from becoming ruthless albeit for a greater cause (and consequently, Vs rightful partner and successor in the commitment of murders), the anarchist Vendetta whose role is similar to that of Lady Macbeths makes her go through a hoax ordeal when she starts believing what she is made to see.Again, Eric Finch, the head ofThe Nose the regular police force, travels to the abandoned site of Larkhill, where he takesLSD and the introduction of hallucinogens to unnaturally induce visions propagates the idea how the notion of hallucination has developed in literary history. Finchshallucinations show him his past life, where he was the lover of a black woman who was sent to the concentration camps for her race. His delusions also make him act as a prisoner of Larkhill who is soon freed, like V, giving him an intuitive understanding of himself. To-morrow, and to-morrow, and to-morrow proves the illusory apparent motion of time-backward or forward, for Macbeth, who is caught in the sameness of any day. Tomorrow merges with today and acts as if it is today rendering a reverie-like appearance to the play- All that we see or wait/ Is but a dream within a dream (Poe) Though the debate regarding the beneficence or derogatory effect of hallucinations and visions remains unresolved, the importance of life being negated as a poor player, the titanic significance of dreams, induced from traceable and untraceable sources, gains the limelight.Lovecrafts theory of cosmicism stating that human life, interest, emotions have no validity or significance in the cosmos-at-large is at par with Shakespeares nihilistic observation through Macbeth, Life is but a walking shadow. Macbeths humaneness has already undergone irreversible plunder, driven by the overwhelming impression of the Witches prophecies, so that he is incapable of feeling much sorrow at the news of his loyal partners death, he has lived in, through and for his fantastic imaginings. Sometimes I believe that this less material life is our truer life, and that our vain presenc e on the terraqueous globe is itself the secondary or merely virtual phenomenon. - Beyond the Walls of Sleep, H. P. Lovecraft (2196 words) Works Cited Arnold, Aerol The Recapitulation Dream in Richard III and Macbeth. Shakespeare Quarterly, Vol. 6, No. (Winter, 1955), pp. 51-62, JSTOR Bella, Tenijoy La A Strange Infirmity Lady Macbeths Amenorrhea. Shakespeare Quarterly, Vol. 31, No. 3 (Autumn, 1980), pp. 381-386, JSTOR Crawford, A. W. The Apparitions in Macbeth. Modern Language Notes, Vol. 39, No. 6 (Jun. , 1924), pp. 345-350, JSTOR Fahey, Caitlin Jeanne Altogether governed by humours The Four Temperaments in Shakespeare Favila, Marina Mortal Thoughts and Magical Thinking in Macbeth. Modern Philology, Vol. 9, No. 1 (Aug. , 2001), pp. 1-25, JSTOR Foucault, Michael Madness and Civilization Grossvogel, David I. When the Stain Wont Wash Polanskis Macbeth. Diacritics, Vol. 2, No. 2 (Summer, 1972), pp. 46-51 JSTOR Kramer, Heinrich and Sprenger, James The Malleus Maleficarum Kruger, Steven F. Dreaming in the Middle Ages Leonard, Kendra Preston Shakespeare, Madness and Music Lovecraft, H. P. Supernatural Horror in Literature H. P. Lovecraft goes to the MoviesMoore, Alan and Lloyd, David V for Vendetta Moschovakis, break away Macbeth New Critical Essays Parker, Barbara L. The Great Illusion. The Sewanee Review, Vol. 78, No. 3 (Summer, 1970), pp. 476-487, JSTOR Paul, Henry N Macbeths Imagination- Blooms Macbeth through the Ages Poe, Edgar Allan Benerice A Dream within a Dream Rowling, J. K. Harry Potter and the Order of Phoenix Wain, John Macbeth, a Casebook Welles, Orson dir. , Macbeth, Republic Pictures, 1948. Film.

AP Biology: The Properties of Water Essay

piddle has many unique properties that make animateness possible on Earth. peerless property is cohesion. The cohesion property is properly delimit as the binding of wet molecules by hydrogen affixations. water supply supply has this property as a solution of the chemical bonding between piss. Cohesion of the strong hydrogen bonds allows the peeing molecules to stick together, almost as a unit of one. A force exerted on one of the molecules will be exerted on all of the adjacent molecules as a result of cohesion. Cohesion, often with the cooperation of adhesion, the clinging of one substance to another, adds to the function and ability of water to overcome strong natural forces, such as temperance. When water is in its liquid state of matter, the hydrogen bonds are very frail and weak, about one-twentieth as strong as covalent bonds. The bonds are made, broken, and remade very quickly.Each hydrogen bond lasts only a few trillionths of a second, but the constant deductive reasoning of new bonds with a succession of partners acquires equilibrium. Therefore, a significant percentage of all the water molecules are bonded to their neighbors, making water a more orderly incorporate liquid than most other know liquids. A property related to cohesion is surface tension, a measure of how difficult it is to stretch or muffle the surface of a liquid. Water is known to have a greater surface tension than most other liquids.An ordered arrangement of hydrogen-bonded water molecules is be at the boundary between water and air. As a result water behaves as though it is coated with an invisible film along the surface. An warning how the cohesion of water affects the cognitive operation of living organisms is present in plants. Evaporation from the leaves in plants pulls water up from the roots. Cohesion due to hydrogen bonding helps pick up the column of water molecules together within the xylem vessels located in the stem or trunk of a plant. Adhesion helps the process by resisting the pull of gravity against the upward motion of the molecules.Another property of water is its solubility. Water is known as the universal solvent of life. Many substances can be combined with water to form a solution, a homogeneous mixture between two substances. Water, in solutions, is known as the solvent. The substance or substances being dissolved is known as the solute. An aqueous solution is when a homogenous mixture where water is the solvent is present. As found by the medieval alchemists, water is the most dissoluble liquid. Although water is technically not universal, itis very versatile solvent. Waters solubility is a result of its polarity. Water is a polar molecule, meaning that the mated ends of the molecule of opposite charges. In a water molecule, the polar covalent bonds allow the oxygen region of the molecule to have a partial disallow charge and the hydrogen regions to have a partial positive charge. When ionic crystals are placed in water, they are ionized. The partially negative ion from the crystal bond to the hydrogen ions in water.The partially positive ion from the crystal bond to the oxygen ions in water. The sphere of water molecules around each dissolved ion is called a hydration shell. Water eventually dissolves all the ions. As a result, there is a solution containing two solutes from the salt homogeneously mixed with water, the versatile solvent. Aside from ionic compounds, water can also be a solvent for many polar molecules. An effect of the versatile solubility can be demonstrated in the functioning of many liquid substances of living organisms, such as blood, the sap of plants, and the liquid contained in cells. Waters solubility allows for these liquids to have a universal submersion throughout the entire liquid, making the distribution of the ions or molecules in the solution equal.Another property of water is its high specific high temperature. The ability of water to stabilise temperatures in natural ecosystems is a result of its high specific set off. Specific heat is defined as the sum of heat that must be wrapped or lost for one gram of a substance to change its temperature by one degree Celsius. Waters specific heat is defined as one calorie per gram per degree Celsius. This information comes from the definition of a calorie, the amount of heat that causes one gram of water to change its temperature by one degree Celsius. Because of waters high specific heat, waters temperature will change less when it absorbs or loses a certain amount of heat. Water resists changing its temperature, and when it happens to change it, it absorbs or loses a large quantity of heat for each change in temperature. Waters specific heat is a direct result of hydrogen bonding. Large amounts of heat must be absorbed in order to break the hydrogen bonds, and large amounts of heat are released when hydrogen bonds form.One calorie doesnt cause a large change in the temperature primarily be cause most of the heat energy is use to disrupt the hydrogen bonds before the watermolecules can start moving faster. When the temperature drops slightly, many hydrogen bonds form, releasing a large amount of heat energy. Waters high specific heat is directly related to life on Earth through climate. Bodies of water in coastal areas can warehousing large amounts of heat during the day and release heat at night when cooling. The specific heat also stabilizes ocean temperatures, creating a more favorable milieu for marine life. Therefore, as a result of waters high specific heat, the water on Earth keeps temperature changes on land and in water within life-permitting limits. Animals are also mostly made of water, allowing them to resist changes in their own temperatures. Water is so abundant and present in everyday life that its easy to neglect the fact that it is an exceptional substance with many extraordinary qualities. Following the theme of emergent properties, waters unique c arriage can be traced to the structure and interactions of its molecules.

Impact of Globalisation on Folk Culture Essay

It has been experienced that every step of movement towards economic, political and cultural modernization, taken by the state in India, is responded to by the people with an enhanced wiz of self-consciousness and awareness of identity. Cultural modernization, sponsored by the forces of globalization, is resented if it encroaches upon or does not promote the core cultural values of society, its language, social practices and styles of life. The vigour of the renewed sense of self-awareness generated among the members of the local anesthetic cultures and communities is such as to succeed in making adaptive reconciliation with the forces of globalization. The linkages both visible and invisible, defining the cultural interdependence among communities and regions in India which have existed historically, beef up instead of threatening the national identity. These bonds seem to become stronger as India encounters the forces of modernization and globalization.Key Words Globalization, Cu lture, Modernization, etc.Globalization is the process which expands and accelerates the movement of ideas and exchange of commodities over vast distances. From a global perspective, globalizations most important impacts are often highly localized. Globalization really affects people with respect to their port of life, culture, taste, fashion, preferences, etc. It has led to good and bad effects on the lives of the people. With the dream of great opportunities, people used to move from east to west and vice-versa. But, the global pecuniary crisis all over the world resulted in reverse migration. Researches had proved that many foreign-born workers mainly from China and India, have considered returning home to better occupancy opportunities.

Christmas past Essay

The plot of the story goes as follows. Right from the start it is do clear that barbarians partner Marley is dead. Scrooge then goes several years with place changing a single thing in the business. He and his exactly worker bob Cratchit work alone in the sm each dark office. Then one Christmas Eve dickens charity workers call round to convey him to crystallize a donation. This is when we find out that scrooge despises charity. Later that day his nephew Fred comes to invite him round for Christmas dinner, an invite that is turned d bear by scrooge.That night when he gets home the ghost of his dead partener marley visits him. He tells scrooge that he must change his slipway or he allow end up resembling him not being able to allow his spirit up to rest. But being force to wear to chain he created in life. Marley tells him that he is to be visited by three spirits over the bordering three nights. These spirits would show him the error of his ways. The first spirit is Christ mas past. This spirit shows him his past again. The things he enjoyed as a young boy and his desisons he do that affected his current life.The next spirit is Christmas present. He shows scrooge what is currently happening in the people comp allowion to him and shows him what he is missing out on. The final spirit is Christmas future. He shows scrooge what will happen in his future if he doesnt change his ways and that he will die a lonely old man. Scrooge then accepts the advice given by the spirits and generally becomes the ideal human oft giving to charity and folks worse off than him. The first stave in the novello is when his former partner Marley visits scrooge. Right form the very beginning it is made clear Marley is dead.The first words on page one argon Marley was dead to begin with Scrooge new he was dead as he signed for the register of his death. So when Marley appears to him his being there traumatizes him. Marley warns scrooge of the spiritual afterward life. He exp lains that man must share his humanity with others if he is not t be condemned to an after life. It is required by every man that the spirit within him should walk abroad. Scrooge also observes that Marley is fettered Marley explains these are these the imprisonment I forged in lifeI made it link by link, yard by yard of my own free will and of my own free will I wear it. Marley then informs scrooge of what his afterlife will be like if he doesnt change his ways the burden and length of the chain you bare. Marley then tells scrooge that he will be visit by three spirits, which will show him the error of his ways. Stave two tells the arrival of the first spirit the ghost of Christmas pass. This spirit, a strange figure, like child like, old man viewed though some supernatural substance, shows scrooge his most enjoyable moments of his past.One place which scrooge is taken is taken is his old work place, to Fezziwigs Christmas party. While there the spirit says a small make to the se silly folk so full of gratitude. The spirit playing devils advocate by criticises Fessiwig causes scrooge to defend him he has the power to flauntier the spirit also shows him women which he once loved like his sister and a girl he once loved as a young boy. Stave three shows the next spirit, the ghost of Christmas present. This spirit, a large jolly old fellow, shows scrooge the true souseding of Christmas.First scrooge is taken to the cratchits house where he is shown how much such a large family appreciate so little. He has enough money to buy what ever he wants provided then he realises that the simple things to him are luxuries to then that they cant even really afford at Christmas, The joy on the faces of the children when they see that they are getting a pudding after dinner. He even is surprised to find that they are grateful to scrooge for putting the meal on the table even though scrooge knows that he is at a lower place paying Bob Cratchit.The spirit then takes sc rooge to his nephew Freds home where he was having a Christmas party. Scrooge sees on the fun, which he is missing out on. The games and dancing which scrooge turns down as his despises sharing his fortune. Stave four shows the arrival of the final spirit, the ghost of Christmas future. This spirit, a ghostly figure dressed in black gown, takes scrooge to see his current future if he doesnt change his ways. The spirit takes him to see his self in the future lay in bed. This is where scrooge comforts his own dead body without realising that he is dead.Avarice, hard-dealing, griping cares? They have brought to a rich end truly. This is a fearful place In leave it, I shall not leave its lesson, trust me and let me go scrooge finally realises what his dead body means he loves his nerve and begs the spirit to let him go. The ghost insists, by pointing a finger that scrooge should lift the sheet to see the body scrooge responds I understand you and I would do it if I could. But I have not the power, spirit. I have not the power meaning that scrooge cannot bring him self to lift the sheet because it would mean coming to terms with his own death.Scrooge wants to kwon if anyone grieved for him is there any person in the town who feels emotion cursed by this mans death, show me and that person spirit. The spirit shows people who grieved for scrooge ironically it is his debtors. When scrooge has died. They have lingered to pay off the debt. Scrooge is then taken to the churchyard to a churchyard scrooge pacify needs to know the identity of the dead man but has lung suspected that it is himself. Scrooge is shown a tombstone and a new grave. Scrooge remarks ironically that the necropolis is a worthy place full of worthless dead bodies costumed by worms.He advanced towards it trembling he confronts the truth. Scrooge suddenly under stands the phantom he saw new meaning in its solemn shape scrooge seems to understand that he can change his future. Tell me I may spong e away the writing on this stone scrooge is asking the spirit for a chance to avoid death. Scrooge is completely change I will honour Christmas in my heart and try to keep it all the year. I will live in the past, present and future. The spirits all three shall strive within me. I will not shirk the lessons they teach. The ghost fades away. Stave five is the final stave in the novello. It is when scrooge realises that he can alter his ways. The time before him was his own, to make amends in scrooge now seeks not to be a good businessman but to be a good man. Glowing with his good intentions sobbing violently yet even though scrooge has changed his way of life completely for the bring in of others. He is still blessed with the new life he leads. I am as a feather I am as happy as an angel I am as merry as a schoolboy I am as giddy as a sottish man. After scrooges complete change, the church bells ring out to celebrate Christmas morning and scrooges rebirth was on the birthday of Christ. Scrooge is completely changed well-dressed and eroding a delighted smile. Scrooge rejoices in humanity he enjoys the company of people and attending church. Now Scrooge visits Fred and accepts his invitation to Christmas lunch. Scrooge tells Bob Cratchit that he will raise his salary. Scrooge will become a second farther to tiny Tim. The transformation is complete. Scrooge has be come as good a friend, as good a master, as good a man as the good old city knew

Impact of Nursing Unit Turnover on Patient Outcomes Essay

The problem addressed by the article is the impact of nursing dollar volume on long-suffering care. It has been assumed that patient care is affected by overturn but in that location has not been a good understanding of the relationship between turnover and flavor of care. Most research has simply shown that at that place is a direct relationship between the two without exploring the underlying mechanisms.Study purposeThe find out aims at describing the underlying mechanisms in the relationship between nursing turnover and quality of care of patients. The objective of the study was to find out how turnover in nursing wholes affects processes among key work classifys and how the impact of these processes affects outcomes of patients.Study variablesThe study variables are nursing unit turnover, workgroup processes, patient outcomes, control variables and education direct. The independent variables was nursing unit turnover while the dependent variable was patient outcomes whi ch included patient satisfaction, average length of stay, medicament errors and patient falls. Workgroup cohesion, relational coordination and workgroup learning were the process variables. another(prenominal) variables included in the article were control variables which included work complexity, teaching status, technological sophistication, hospital size and unit size as well as nurse characteristics such as RN hours, unit tenure, education level and patient characteristics (health status, patient age and previous hospitalizations).Conceptual mannikinThe conceptual framework applied was presented around the IPO framework (input-process-outcome) which assesses workgroup behavior and performance effectiveness. It is incorpo governd in most models of workgroup effectiveness. Workgroup processes are those mechanisms which inhibit or encourage members of a team to combine their abilities and behavior (Kozlowski et al, 2003). These include workgroup cohesion, workgroup learning and relational coordination. The unit level patient outcomes include patient satisfaction, length of stay, patient falls and medication errors. In the conceptual framework, the hospital, nurse and patient characteristics as well as the nursing unit were identified as control variables.Literature ReviewThe writings review supports a need for the study as it identifies the fact that thither has been research that establishes that there truly is an effect of nursing turnover on patient outcomes. However there is very little information that describes the actual relationship between nursing turnover and patient outcomes. The literature review identifies some of the set up of turnover as detachment, a disruption in communication flow and a disruption of established relationships (Sung-Heui et al, 2010). A nursing unit with high turnover requires more time for new staff to adjust while the staff that remain have to be more careful when supervising the new staff. This has the overall effect of lowering relational coordination. The article also identifies that work learning is does not occur well when there is no stability as is the subject in units with high turnover (Sung-Heui et al, 2010). Learning needs both change and stability thus units with very high or very low turnover may not have much cognitive growth.When there is greater cohesion among staff members there is also greater motivation for the employees to provide go bad service which leads to better patient satisfaction (Sung-Heui et al, 2010). Other patient outcomes addressed by the article include length of stay which measures how efficient the hospital is, which in turn is an indication of the efficiency in communication between healthcare providers. If a workgroup is well coordinated then there outcomes are of higher quality and they outcomes are achieved more efficiently. The article also focuses on patient falls and medication errors as an indicator that there is work group coordination and workgroup learning. When errors occur there is opportunity for learning however if there is too high turnover, then learning does not occur and there is likelihood for errors to be repeated.Study formulaThe study number was a non-experimental longitudinal study causal modeling study. This design was appropriate for the study since it tries to establish a relationship between two variables that is whether one causes the other. some of the threats to internal validity that the study may have include history which means that as more time elapses between measurements there is a likelihood that time may contribute to differences in results in the variables. Testing is also a possible threat to internal validity in a longitudinal study as it requires the participants to take certain tests on several occasions (Barry, 2005)Attrition is a threat to the longitudinal study design when participants drop out of the study before all the data is imperturbable is likely to distort the accuracy of resul ts (Barry, 2005).Sample and settingThe strain consisted of 268 nursing units from 141 hospitals. This sample size was adequate to ensure generalizability of the research findings. Additionally using nursing units from various hospitals served to increase the generalizability of the findings. The sample was derived from the medical-surgical units and nursing units of acute care facilities of various hospitals, settings that once more provided a good representation of all the hospitals and helped to increase the external validity of the study.Identification and control of extraneous variablesSome of the identified extraneous variables included environmental uncertainty such as volumes, types of patients which increased the complexity in work processes and group dynamics among nurses. Work complexity was thrifty using a 7-item outgo developed to measure environmental uncertainty. The scale measured work complexity by identifying frequent interruptions or unanticipated events. Techno logical sophistication was also measured using the Saidin Index which provided a weighted sum of the number of technologies and services that were available in the hospital.Study instruments/toolsBoth primary and secondary data were collected in this study. Secondary data was obtained from secondary data collected from the Outcomes Research in Nursing Administration Project (II) (ORNA II). Nursing units provided turnover rates for sixer months and nurses also completed questionnaires which measured various workgroup processes. The patient data collected was also from the ORNA II project. The use of such data collection methods was appropriate as it provided a rich data source. Additionally, the use of data from the ORNA project provided a reliable source of good quality data.Data abstract proceduresThe unit of analysis in the study was the nursing unit. The variables relational coordination, work group learning, patient satisfaction, workgroup cohesion, patient satisfaction and wo rk complexity were measured at the individual level and were then aggregated to the unit level. The study used elongate and count models to determine the distribution of the outcome and process variables. The average LOS was estimated using a model of random effects while the medication errors and patient falls were analyzed using a Poisson regression model that was adjusted for dispersion. The Poisson regression is appropriate for rate data such as the one collected in this study. The use of the linear counts is also appropriate as it allows for a relation between the linear model and the response variable.Strengths/limitationsThe strength of the study lies in the use of the IPO framework. Using this framework allows for the underlying mechanisms such as workgroup processes to be evaluated and considered as variables. and so the study looks at input variables, process variables and output variables providing adequate data with which to describe the underlying mechanisms and relat ionship between nursing turnover and patient outcomes.Some of the limitations of the study include the model which assumes that the turnover affects relational coordination a few months after it has occurred. The time period of two months may not have been capable to assess true variation of the turnover levels. Another limitation was the missing variables that have an effect on turnover, patient outcomes and workgroup processes. Some of these include the support of managers, command and organizational effectiveness which also have an impact on whether a nurse stays or not.ImplicationsThe results of the study make it necessary that there be further research on the effect of nursing turnover on patient outcomes and workgroup processes. The findings of the study support a need to increase work group coordination and cohesion so as to improve patient satisfaction. These findings are consistent with previous research findings. The research findings also show that the in nursing units where there was higher workgroup learning there were fewer errors in giving medications. This supports empirical evidence for the development and sustenance of processes where nurses are supported in discussing and learning from their errors.

Machinal as a Play Written in Anger.

Machinal was written by Sophie Treadwell, a woman attempting to make her dirt in a male dominated association and in a male dominated add sphere (as an author and playwright). This was in a time when it was considered a tenet of social life to cause a womans role was to facilitate the life of the man to whom she belongs. To reach above the kitchen ledge and attempt mens work or to enter the mens world was frowned upon and was penalize by the social system.A woman in the wrong field or operating socially as equal to a male would either have to work under a different, male, personal identity or be met by severe criticism and gender found discrimination, her works largely ignored or peremptorily dismissed as inferior. The playwright draws on her experience with and bitterness against the social apparatus (hence the name Machinal, French for machine the like) and tells the tale of an ave ferocity everywoman who spends her entire, short, life seeking freedom from the role partne rship has cast her in.Her role as defined by society is that of what the society in question considers every decent well bred young woman. She is originally a c argiver for her mother working at a job that makes her feel suffocated to earn enough to take care of both of them. Next she becomes a companion, laurel (he chose her for her hands) and sexual partner for her husband who buys her by providing for her mother and making sure she no longer inevitably to work at the job she hates and finally she becomes a mother caring for her lady friend not because of any sense of love but because society refuses to allow her to abandon the child.These separate roles give birth to her rage pushing her to outbursts of rage and anti-social behaviour and ironically in their climax lead to a murder based on pity, not for herself but for her husband. Based on the idea that the play was based loosely on Treadwells experiences in a mans world and the infamous murderess . it can be put on that the emotions that Helen (young woman) experiences are echoes, or perhaps rather intensified images of her feelings. Her mother speaks with the voice of society, having been the one to raise her to be imprisoned in a world where she depart never truly experience freedom.Her mother is a symbol of how entrenched the rules of the machine are. Having in her time experienced, surely, the same suppression as her daughter she was lock unable to conceive a life outside the machine or to offer that freedom to her child. kind of she denies her the slight pleasure she found in marrying a man who appealed to her insisting that she instead take the realistic course of marrying the man with the highest income though what she is offered is a pampered but empty life. It is questionable if she in fact loves her daughter or simply nags her because it is her method of keeping her in line.It begins to seem as though she simply ensures that she herself will be taken care of, so that a rich husband her d aughter is an opportunity to reverberate at, not for Helens benefit but for hers. This would indicate that within the machine all interpersonal relations are determined by such practical considerations as where the power, especially in monetary terms lies and this is of all time with the men. What is left to the women is only as much as they can wrest from each other by manipulation and deception.This may be what young woman realises causing her to threaten her mother that she does not in truth love her and simply uses her in and for the purposes that suit her. This They inspire the young not particularly enlightened or intelligent woman to crystallize the comprehension of her condition though it is one that has been forced on her since infancy and is considered normal by the rest of the machine and her objection and opposition of it succinctly in her statement I will not submit which she repeats like a mantra.This is a role that truly does not inspire her, that of mother, wife an d daughter. Though she must similarly endure her mothers nagging. She is controlled even unconsciously by men who like her husband who do not recognise their domination She does not like or love him and resents him because she did not choose to marry him but was forced to by her mother, and through her mother, societys expectations of her. Also at the time of the marriage she disliked his fat pressing hands which to her delineate oppression. he viewed it as the lesser of two evils because it would provide the means to provide for her mother and escape her. It would also mean she no longer had to work, being unsuited (or so it seems) to any type of structure. She also marries him despite a strong distaste for him because it is accepted by society that a woman gets married and has children. This is maybe the first major capitulation in her life. The first time she could be said to have had a choice in the direction of her life and in her attempting to find or maintain her (relative ) freedom. Machinal by Sophie Treadwell

Manila Motor Company Essay

In May 1954, Manila Motor Compevery filed in the Municipal Court of Manila a unhealthiness to recover from Manuel T. Flores the amount of P1,047.98 as chattel mortgage installments which fell due in September 1941. defendant pleaded prescriptionchanroblesvirtuallawlibrary 1941 to 1954. The complaint was dismissed. On appeal, the Court of First Instance saw differently, sustaining Plaintiffs brawl that the moratorium laws had interrupted the running of the prescriptive period, and that deducting the age during which said laws were in operation three years and octette months 1 the ten-year term had not yet elapsed when complainant sued for collection in May 1954. whence said court ordered the return of the case to the municipal judge for trial on the merits. defendant appealed.IssueWhether or not the moratorium laws did not have the effect of suspending the period of limitations, because they were unconstitutional, as declared by this court in Rutter vs. Esteban, 49 Off.HeldIn Montilla vs. Pacific Commercial SC held that the moratorium laws suspended the period of prescription. That was rendered later the Rutter-Esteban decision. It should be stated however, in fairness to Appellant, that the Montilla decision came down after he had submitted his brief. And in dish up to his main contention, the following portion is quoted from a resolution of this Court. Rutter vs. Esteban (93 Phil., 68) may be construed to mean that at the time of the decision the Moratorium law could no longer be validly applied because of the prevailing circumstances. At any rate, although the general rule is that an unconstitutional statuteconfers no right, creates no office, affords no protection and justifies no acts performed downstairs it. (11 Am. Jur., pp. 828, 829.) There are several instances wherein courts, out of equity, have relaxed its operation (cf. notes in Cooleys Constitutional Limitations eighth ed., p. 383 and Notes 53 A. L. R., 273) or qualified its effects sinc e the actual existence of a statute prior to such declaration is an operative fact, and may have consequences which cannot justly be ignored (Chicot County vs. Baster, 308 U. S., 371) and a realistic get along is eroding the general doctrine (Warring vs. Colpoys, 136 Am. Law Rep., 1025, 1030). Judgment affirmed, without costs.

How Smell Affects Taste

How Does Smell need Taste? Tcap able-bodied of Contents 1. Abstract. 1 2. Scripture Reference .. . 2 3. Research percentage.. .. 3-5 4. Hypothesis6 5. Materials List.. 7 6. Procedure8 7. Observation/Results/Conclusion9-13 8. Works Cited.. 14 9. Acknowledgements .. 15 Abstract The purpose of this project is to tryation if smell affects savour.In the hypothesis it is stated that when the stab is blocked the test of a jellybean testament be affected. It is also hypothesized that when a subject is given up a certain sapidity of jellybean to sagaciousness they will remember the discernment of the similar feeled jellybean with the smell impaired. A brief overview of the experiment is as follows. Eight subjects will be tested for their gumption of hold. They were given four dissimilar timbers of jellybeans to gustatory sensation twice, once with a perfume batten and once with forbidden. Group one was asked to taste the branch flavor of a jellybean with the nose plugged first.Then they were given the same flavor of jellybean to taste without the nose plug. The same occasion was used with the remaining three flavors. In contrast, multitude two was given the jellybean to taste without the nose plug first and with the nose plug second. The four flavors of the jellybeans were tasted in this order marshm all toldow, lemon, pear, licorice. The results for each(prenominal) free lance variable be as follows. The nose plug did affect the taste of the jellybean. But, group two did not remember the taste of the jellybean when the nose was unplugged. In both groups, taste was affected and flavors were not easily work outed. Scriptural ReferenceTaste Taste and obtain that the LORD is good blessed is the man who takes refuge in him. Psalm 348 (NIV) I chose this Bible verse because it is very important that as Christians we actively seek theology in all things. Even though we really do not taste God, we need to thirst for His Word and love. In return, w e will see that He is good, we receive His blessing, and find that He is our refuge. Smell The LORD smelled the pleasing odour and said in His heart Never again will I curse the ground because of man, heretofore though every inclination of his heart is evil from childhood. And never again will I abate all living creatures, as I get under ones skin done. Genesis 821 (NIV) God uses His senses give c atomic number 18 we do. He created us in His own image and made us to father senses. God finds loyalty to be pleasant just as we regard the smell of red roses is pleasant to our nose. Research The humanitykind body was created by God to have five different detected senses taste, smell, hearing, touch, and sight. Taste and smell argon the two senses that flock have to help us enjoy food. They are separate, but also related. oft can be learned about the correlation between taste and smell and how they affect each other. Taste is the sense that comes from food molecules touching t he taste buds on the tongue.The taste buds shoot signals to the brain which consequently translates the signals into a taste. Taste buds are nerve receptors on the tongue and roof of the mouth. Different separate of the tongue have specific receptors for different types of tastes. There are thousands of taste buds on the tongue, each with a surface enterprisingness called a taste pore. At the base, microvilli sensors pick up the molecule. The molecule gets changed by sensory cells of the taste bud into a nerve impulse. The signal gets sent to the brain through the glossopharyngeal nerve to the brainstem, then to the thalamus, and on to the forebrain. That signal is translated to specific taste (Swindle, Mark). On the tongue, different tastes are picked up on different actuates of the tongue. First, the sweet taste buds occur on the outside part of the tongue. A second kind is spicy taste buds that are located on the back outside portion of the tongue. Lastly, the bitter taste bu ds are located in the far back of the tongue. There are some taste buds on the palate that pick up different tastes (Smith, David). Smell, on the other hand, is the sense that comes from scent molecules attaching to the olfactory nerve. Air carries the olfactory perception into the nose. Then odor contacts the olfactory nerves at the top of the nasal passages.The the olfactory nerves send a signal to the olfactory bulb of the brain, and the nerve sends a signal to the front of the brain. The forebrain translates the signals of the odor into a specific smell (Swindle, Mark). Smell and taste are so interrelated that many scientists think that taste is about 80% of aroma and 20% actual taste (American Academy of Otolaryngology). It changes as people age, the sense of smell seems to be better in adults than in kids. Usually at age 60 or over, adults may start to lose their sense of smell. Scientists have proven that women have a better sense of smell than men.People who have head inj uries often lose their sense of smell and lose weighting because the taste of the food they eat has been impaired through the injury. Also, people with sinus problems or upper respiratory problems lose weight because of a decreased sense of smell and appetite (American Academy of Otolaryngology). In preliminary studies, Frank and Byrams article suggest that taste and smell interactions are dependent on taste and odor. In their experiments, they gave subjects strawberry whipped cream while pinching their nose and then strawberry cream not pinching their nose.The assenting of smell to taste made the strawberry whip cream seem 85% sweeter. The same experiment was used, but with peanut butter flavored whip cream. It was found that peanut butter odor did not enkindle sweetness. They then evaluated the same people with salted strawberry whip cream, and found that the odor did not accession the sweetness. This suggested that sweetness is both taste and odor dependent. The experiment wi th salted strawberry whip cream proves that the sense of smell is a dependent factor in a person experiencing the full sense of taste (Frank, Robert). HypothesisWhen the nose is plugged and the olfactory system is impaired, taste will be affected. Each of the eight subjects will be tested on four different flavors of jellybean, once with the nose plugged and once with the nose unplugged. The four flavors tested in order were marshmallow, lemon, pear, and licorice. People in group one will have a nose plug on during the first taste. They will be impaired to taste and deduct the flavor of the jelly bean. At the second attempt to taste without the nose plug, they will be able to taste easily and be able to guess the flavor of the jellybean. Group two, will start by not having the nose plugged.This group will be able to taste easily and easily guess the flavor of the jellybean. When the plug is then placed on the subjects nose, they will be able to taste because they already know the r eal taste from memory. Materials List -Log Book -Pencil -Jelly covered stadiums -2 Marshmallow, 2 rat, 2 Pear, 2 Licorice flavored jellybeans -Towel as blindfold -Baggies -Eight Test Subjects - honker Plug -Charts -Water Procedure To set up this experiment, eight human subjects were needed for evaluation. Each person was tested for their sense of taste and smell. The subjects were split into two evaluation groups.The first group was given a blindfold and a nose plug. They were given a jellybean to taste. They were asked the following questions What flavor do you think this is? Is it sweet, sour, or bitter? After the tester enter the data, the subjects were asked to remove the nose plug. They were given the same flavor of jellybean and asked the same questions. This same procedure was used for the remaining three flavors of jellybeans. The data was recorded and the results compared. The second group was given a blind fold, but asked to taste the jellybean without the nose plug fir st. They were asked the same questions as group one.Data was recorded. Then they were given the nose plug and asked to taste and evaluate the same flavor of jellybean. This same procedure was used for the remaining three flavors of jellybeans. Data again was recorded and results compared. The four different types of jelly beans given were in this order marshmallow, lemon, pear, and licorice. Observations Preston Plugged lever No Plug Actual Jelly- Bean Flavor Guessed Flavor sweetly/ dark-skinned/Bitter (Sw/S/B) Guessed Flavor Sw/S/B 1-Marshmallow Coconut unused/ savage Coconut/lime refreshful 2- stinker Blueberry Sour Lemon Sour -Pear Cherry concoction Cranberry Sweet/Sour 4-Lic Nothing Sweet Rubber Bitter Tyler Plugged pound No Plug 1-Marshmallow Cinnamon Sour Nothing Bitter 2-Lemon Orange Sour Orange Sour 3-Pear Apple Sour Apple Sweet 4-Lic Licorice Bitter Licorice Sweet Makenzie Plugged prod No Plug 1-Marshmallow Coconut Sweet Cotton Cand y Sweet 2-Lemon Lemon Sour Lemon Sour 3-Pear Apple Bitter Pear Sweet 4-Lic Nothing Sweet Licorice Bitter push up Plugged Nose No Plug 1-MM fluxing lime Sour Popcorn Sweet/bitter -Lemon Lime Sour Lemon Sour 3-Pear Pear Sour/Bitter Pear Sour/Bitter 4-Lic bubble Sour Licorice Bitter GROUP TWO Autumn No Plug Plugged Nose 1-Marshmallow Marshmallow Sweet Lemon Sweet 2-Lemon Lime Sour Grape Sour/Sweet 3-Pear Lemon Sweet Blueberry Bitter 4-Lic potassium Bitter Strawberry Sweet David No Plug Plugged Nose 1-Marshmallow Cotton Candy Sweet Cotton Candy Sweet/Sour 2-Lemon Lemon Sour Green Apple Bitter 3-Pear Strawberry Sweet Lemon Bitter/Sour 4-Lic Black Berry Sweet Strawberry Sweet Katy No Plug Plugged Nose 1-Marshmallow Pineapple Sweet Banana Sweet 2-Lemon Lemon Sour Lemon /Lime Sour 3-Pear Pear Sweet Apple Sweet 4-Lic fore beer Sweet Root beer Sweet Sam No Plug Plugged Nose 1-Marshmallow Mint Sweet Nothing Bitter 2- Lemon Lemon Sour Apple Sour 3-Pear Green apple Sour Lemon Sweet/Sour 4-Lic Lemon/Mint Bitter Cherry Sweet Results/Conclusion The results for each independent variable are as follows Number of right guesses of jellybean flavor without nose plug= 13 out of 32.Number of right guesses of jellybean flavor with nose plug= 3 out of 32. Number of right guesses of jellybean flavor with nose plug after already tasting jellybean without nose plug= 1 out of 16. The first part of the hypothesis stated that impairing the sense of smell with a nose plug would affect the taste of the jellybeans. around half of the flavors were guessed when given without smell balk compared to three flavors guessed when smell was impaired. This supports the hypothesis that when smell is impaired taste is affected. The nose plug did affect the taste of the jellybeans.The hypothesis also stated that the subjects would remember the actual taste of the jellybean by memory when first given a certain flavor with no s mell impairment and then given the same flavor with impairment of smell. Only 1 out of 16 guesses were accurate. Therefore, group two did not remember the taste of the same flavored jellybean when given the nose plug. In conclusion, the hypothesis was partially supported. Works Cited 1. American Academy of Otolaryngology. How do Taste and Smell work? http//www. etnet. orgHealthInformation/smellTaste. crm 2010. 2. Frank, Robert. Tastesmell Interactions argon Talent and Odorant Dependent Chem.Senses. Oxford Journals Life Sciences & Medicine Chemical Senses. Web. 7 Dec. 2010. . 3. Smith, David V. How Taste Works. World Book Encyclopedia. Vol. T. 2006. 4. Swindle, Mark. How Odors are Detected. World Book Encyclopedia. Vol. Smell. 2000. 5. Swindle, Mark. Structures Important In Smell. World Book Encyclopedia. Vol. Smell. 2000. Acknowledgements I would like to thank God for making the human body so interesting and wonderful. Also, I would like to thanks my teachers and parents fo r helping

Mcdonald’s Manipulation

utilisation Its not always so easy to spot the tactics companies use to advertise. Many consumers may c whole back its the design or the neatness of an advertisement that sells the products. Although the neatness and boldness of color of the two burgers being displayed avail to draw the attention of the consumer, it is not always what is noticed right away that wins someone over.Consensus, Reciprocation, Commitment, and Availability, are all advertisement principles effectively being used in this McDonalds advertisement in order to ready their nourishment into the stomachs of as many consumers they possibly can. The bold green color of the lettuce all the way to the whiteness of the benny seeds are portrayed perfectly to entice the consumer. Companies such as McDonalds take days of preparation live to perfectly put together these uneatable sandwiches being shown in the advertisement. With some paint and a diminutive glue the consumer gets the illusion of a perfect sandwich.Wha t may not be noticed right away, in a higher place the one burger is a stamp that says light speed % black Angus and NeW (McDonalds) and inside the stamp is the letter A, in this nose out McDonalds is sing the Consensus Principles by appearing to be dominate in their beef. By saying that their burgers are 100 % Angus beef, endows no room for a competitor to see a more premium Angus burger, meaning McDonalds must have the best. Lets say at this point McDonalds has gotten the attention of the consumer. They might start get hungry but their still not dead set on going to Mucky Ads.Thats why companies like McDonalds use more than one advertisement principle to try to reel the consumer in. Reciprocation is plausibly the most successful of the advertisement principles for a fast food chain. The reciprocation principle, Which suggests that we are obligated to give back to others the form of behavior that they have given to us. So if someone does us a upgrade we are significantly mo re likely to say yes when they ask for a favor in return. (Calling) close food chains like McDonalds use this very successful advertisement tactic by victimisation coupons.Coupons are incentives for consumers that make the consumer almost compelled to buy. Some companies may give out a coupon that gives a discount on an item or a consumer may get a coupon to get something unloose with the purchase of other item. In the eyes of the consumer they are getting something for free, and free is always good. In the lower corner of this McDonalds advertisement is an example of the reciprocation principle. McDonalds offers a coupon that can be visit out and taken into the store to redeem a free sniveller sandwich with the purchase of another chicken sandwich.So at the price of one chicken sandwich the consumer now has two. This is not only upright for the consumer but also for the company, now they have the business of the consumer. McDonalds and similar companies understand that by get ting the consumer to catch n and get their free chicken sandwich, a whole world of possibilities has now been opened. Now the consumer is inquire do they want fries on the side and what do they want to drink. Commitment, not to be upset(a) with reciprocation, is another advertisement principle that can be associated with coupons.On the bottom corner opposite the side of the chicken sandwich coupon is an example of McDonalds trying to get the consumer more committed towards them. They offer a free Big Mac sandwich with no purchase necessary, the catch is to obtain the burger first the consumer has to register on their internet webbing. This is a huge strategy used by many companies. What makes this such a great advertisement principle is the fact that once the consumer registers they are in the clutch of McDonalds for good.With the email address the consumer registered with or the address they gave them the consumer is sure to see many more advertisements follow. The repetition o f advertisement after advertisement would have an enormous influence on the consumer to buy more in the future, maybe even if a consumer was insatiable with the initial visit by repeating the reciprocation principle. Although the coupons may ever stop coming in they do have an expiration date which brings us to the last of the advertisement principles McDonalds uses in this incident advertisement, Availability.This particular advertisement from McDonalds doesnt use much of the availability principle except having only a hold sequence to use the chicken sandwich coupon. This is an effective strategy by making many consumers want to get along with in quick and use their coupons, and in partner with the commitment principle the coupons keep coming in making a loop. In similar McDonalds advertisements they may advertise that the Mac Rib is back for a limited conviction to get it while it lasts. Consumers are always eager to try a limited time offer in fear of never having the chan ce again.