Innocence Within To Kill a Mockingbird Essay

There are many times where childhood and adolescence, whether they be in metaphors or depicted by actual characters, are used in literature in order to convey different times in the work. Sometimes they can be used to convey tribulation or they can be used to convey times of prosperity. With Haper Lee’s story, To Kill A Mockingbird, she uses adolescence to be able to challenge the perspective of a Southern town still stuck in their older ways. She does this many times throughout the book, however in this essay; we will only discuss three instances that shape the story as a whole. The first instance that we will refer to is when in chapter 10, Scout and Jem get their rifles for Christmas. Once they receive their rifles, Atticus says,† ‘I’d rather you shot at tin cans in the back yard, but I know you’ll go after birds. Shoot all the blue jays you want, if you can hit ‘em, but remember it’s a sin to kill a mockingbird. ’† Scout is confused by the saying and so a few sentences later, she asks Miss Maudie, their help, about why it was a sin to kill a mocking bird. Miss Maudie replies with a â€Å"’Mockingbirds don’t do one thing but make music for us to enjoy. They don’t eat up people’s gardens, don’t nest in corncribs, they don’t do one thing but sing their hearts out for us. That’s why it’s a sin to kill a mockingbird. ’† At first one might read this and think that on face value, they are simply talking about birds; however, if you look closer at the text, the mocking bird can be a depiction of children or a child’s innocence. By saying that it is a sin to kill a mockingbird, because of the very heavy presence that childhood and adolescence takes within the book, one could take the saying as â€Å"it’s a sin to kill or smash innocence† and a mockingbird is a depiction of innocence in the book. It is a sin or rather a sad thing to take away a child’s innocence because it does no harm to anyone. In another chapter, it explains how Scout thinks of herself as an important figure in her household because she figures that without her, Atticus and Miss Maudie would have no clue what to do, while later on is explained in the same chapter that Dill has become aware of his insignificance of his household and is not better off for having that bit of innocence changed. This is one way the book is shaped is that it shows that innocence is a key element in the work and that Atticus throughout the book does not wish to taint the innocence of the children before it is time for them to grow up. Another instance in the book where innocence plays an important role in shaping the work, is in chapter 15 when Atticus is sitting at the jail where Tom Robinson is being held captive for his own protection while awaiting the trial. In the scene, Atticus has a lamp and a chair sitting beside the cell outside and is there to guard Tom Robinson before the trial. As the evening progresses, a crowd shows up with the intention to harm Tom Robinson and to harm Atticus if he does not step aside. During this scene, Scout happens to have been spying on her father and she rushes up to where her father is at, and ends up talking the crowd down with her innocence. In this scene, it is because of her innocence and the way that she speaks with Mr. Cunningham that remind the man that Atticus is a man with a family and that he is a neighbor and not some form of enemy. In this way, the innocence on Scout’s part shapes the work because it shows that no matter how callous someone might be, that innocence can penetrate through the hardened heart. It also shows that the townspeople do realize that Atticus is their friend and not someone who is out to get their women and children. And then the third way that innocence shapes the book is in chapter 19 when Dill cries after seeing the way that the prosecutor addresses Tom Robinson just because of his color. He sees that there is no reason to talk to a person despite race. This shapes the work because it shows that naturally even children can see injustice and it shows that we as adults sometimes lose sight of what’s right and wrong because our views can be tainted and skewed by callousness on our part. There is another instance in the book where Scout’s classmates speak poorly of Atticus for defending a man of color. During this time, Atticus shows Scout that regardless of color, that it was Atticus’ duty to defend anyone if they are innocent and that it should be Scout’s duty as well. This also shapes the work because it shows that no matter what, we should lose sight of what the morally right view is. Throughout the book, innocence is used in numerous occasions and pertaining to different instances in the book. Some of the most important instances where innocence is used is during Tom Robinson’s trial and where the children, Scout, Jem, and Dill can see that the way that the town is treating Tom Robinson is incorrect. At the time Haper Lee wrote To Kill a Mockingbird, it would have been a touchy subject to speak out on because of the Civil Rights Movement, and so the author uses the natural innocence of children to show us just how wrong the case and the treatment of Tom Robinson was throughout his trial and up until his death.

Ambition in Apprenticeship of Duddy Kravitz and School Ties Essay

Ambition: It’s Easy to Dream a Dream, but Much Harder to Live it Napoleon Bonaparte once said: â€Å"Great ambition is the passion of a great character. Those endowed with it may perform very good or very bad acts. It all depends on the principles which direct them. † From this quote, one can see that great ambition is crucial to experience success whether it is achieved in an honest fashion, or a morally questionable one. In the novel The Apprenticeship of Duddy Kravitz (ADK) and the movie School Ties (ST) a strong sense of ambition is one of the driving topics for the plot and the development of many characters. For example, one can see that Duddy will do anything to achieve his dreams, even if that means betraying his friends or taking part in illegal activities. Although the amount of ambition in both works is very prominent, too much ambition can prove to be detrimental in many ways, and it is evident that ambition proves to be more severe in ST because many characters struggled with common morals and were affected by the mental destruction that comes along with too much ambition. In ADK, Duddy proves to be too ambitious for his own good throughout the entire novel, as he cares too much about owning land rather than following morals or obeying the law. Just one of these examples would be when Duddy sells contraband comic books. â€Å"American comic books were beginning to trickle into the city again, and so Duddy was attracted by this new line†¦ Barney was picked up by the police and fined. Duddy, unfortunately was caught with a large stack on hand. He took fright and threw them in the furnace. † (Richler 56). This quote shows evidence that Duddy began his overly-ambitious ways at a young age by selling pornographic comic books. Moreover, this proves Napoleon Bonaparte’s quote in that those who are ambitious are willing to commit very good or very bad acts in order to succeed. Similarly, morals are lost in ST as well when Dillon cheats on his history exam, and tells the class that it was David instead of him. â€Å"It wasn’t Connors. †¦] I should have told the truth yesterday. I know who cheated. It was Green. † (Darryl Ponicsan, Dick Wolf). At this point in the movie, it portrays Dillon as the antagonist as he lied to his friends, and cheated on his exam. Since Dillon did this in order to get into Princeton, one can conclude that he did this because he felt like he had no other options. Thus leading the reader to believe that Dillon did this out of ambition, but he let his morals get the better o f him. In this way, ADK is extremely similar to ST in the sense that characters from each text betrayed their friends, and cheated in one way or another in order to succeed. Secondly, Duddy Kravitz can be seen struggling with the mental exhaustion that comes with having too much ambition throughout the novel. An example of this is when he has a small breakdown just after he loses all of his money by playing roulette. â€Å"Duddy was seized by an uncontrollable fit of laughter. He rolled over in the grass, biting his arm to muffle the noise†¦ Three times he stopped, his laughter immense. The thought of them searching for him all through the night†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Richler 90. ) This quote gives evidence that Duddy was so blinded by his ambition that he has fits of laughter over the fact that he lost all of his money. Moreover, this proves that Duddy’s mental health has diminished because he doesn’t care about the fact that the employees at the lodge are sincerely worried as they search for him. Similarly, mental destruction due to ambition is portrayed in ST as well during the scene where McGivern is so upset about his teacher insulting him in French class that he sneaks into the classroom that night in order to repeat his recitation to himself while his friends are looking for him around campus. McGivern is so distraught about this presentation that he ends up getting taken away in an ambulance at the end of the night. Although the way that mental destruction is shown in ST is slightly different than in ADK, they are very alike because both mental breakdowns by the characters are brought on through their ambitions to succeed. In conclusion, mental destruction and the loss of morals from being too ambitious are evident in both novels, but it is more severe in ST because multiple characters suffer in different ways, whereas Duddy is the only character that struggles significantly with his ambitions. Ultimately, being ambitious is a great trait because it builds character, but becoming too ambitious can harm an individual in more ways than one. So, how ambitious are you?

Being Sane in Insane Places

Roseanne explains in his essay, ‘ ‘On Being Sane In Insane Places† that society labels people permanently for some things that occur rarely. Roseanne clarifies In this essay that patients who are considered ‘ ‘ schizophrenic,† and ‘ ‘ Insane† aren't truly schizophrenic or Insane for the rest of their lives. There was an experiment conducted with eight sane people who explored twelve different psychiatric Institutions across the united States.These eight people entered these capitals as patients, therefore treated as patients and were only discharged by proving the authorities and staff that they were Indeed sane. They had to participate In all activities, even take prescription drugs that were never swallowed. They were afraid that they would be exposed as frauds because they were always observing and note taking: however, the staff never really cared of what patients wrote in the darkroom. Once admitted, the pseudo patients wante d to be discharged almost immediately but knew that they would have to play cool and cooperate with every ask asked of in order to leave.The time spent at the psychiatric institutions, the pseudo patients communicated with the real patients and realized that all insane people aren't always insane. Just as Roseanne points out in this particular article, ‘ ‘the sane are not sane' all of the time. We lose our tempers ‘for no good reason. † There are often times when people are in a depressive mood but you don't classify the person as a depressed individual for the rest of their lives. More times than often, people cannot seem to be bled to bond with others; however, they still aren't diagnosed with any symptoms.Sane people always have a couple of moments in life that maybe are ‘ ‘ intense† but are never studied. The same perception goes for the diagnosed insane patients. If it makes no sense to label ourselves permanently depressed on the basis of an occasional depression, then it takes better evidence than is presently available to label all patients insane or schizophrenic on the basis of bizarre behaviors or cognitions. It simply isn't fair that these patients are ripped of all of their rights In society because a couple of incidents that may have occurred.Just as how people who are classified as sane get through emotions and difficulties, so does the Insane patients. Once patients are labeled ‘ ‘schizophrenic † they are practically stuck with the title for the rest of their lives. If a schizophrenic patient were to be discharged they must have been In remission, although the staff would Walt on their arrival back to the Institutions because there Is no way a schizophrenic wouldn't relapse. Do patients act more Insane every day due to their surroundings?There Is a chance that the Insane people In the Institutions are sane outside of the Institutions because of the patients' reactions due to their sett ings. These hospitals deprive patients of their sense of personal identity which only causes them to act out of blame for the amount of time that patients are stuck in this mortifying setting and with names that will label them forever. Perhaps the only reason why the pseudo patients were able to be discharged fully sane is because they were so adamant and knew that it was only an experiment.

Quiet Torrential Sound by Joan Ackermann and a Seinfeld episode Essay

Quiet Torrential Sound by Joan Ackermann and a Seinfeld episode written by Larry David - Essay Example Of course, the main character of the story is Jerry Seinfeld, named after the writer and the producer. He is regarded as the â€Å"voice of reason† (buddychai, n.p). The entire story revolves around this life, and he has appeared consistently in all the episodes of all the different seasons. He is one of those characters, who have a focal point in the lives of the people around him, which include his best friend, his neighbor and his ex-girlfriend. The character of Jerry Seinfeld is mirrored after a real person, for his career in the show remains, that of a stand-up comedian, which also forms the career of the actual person. Jerry brings life to the sitcom, with his comments about his friend’s habits, who are to the say the least, quite quirky and live a very laidback life. This makes the character of Jerry quite observational. One would also find it interesting to observe that Jerry’s identity is closely intertwined with that of his friends. Jerry’s chara cter is shown in the light, through his social network. Prying by George into Jerry’s life shows the viewers about Jerry’s insecurities. Elaine always remarks on how Jerry breaks up with women almost every week, because he always finds reasons to break up with women, including the fact that he breaks up with a woman, because she had manly hands. Moreover, one can also notice Jerry’s stubbornness, for example, when he buys his parent’s car repeatedly, which actually affected him financially. However, any viewer would realize that although the show was meant to be about â€Å"nothing†, it actually shows everything there is about to life that is wholly represented by Jerry’s character. Although he is often frustrated with his friends’ habits, he always finds love and care for them. For example, in one episode â€Å"The Invitations†, Jerry became deeply worried, when George was about to get married because he felt that their group will not be the same

Social Capital (Degree in Diploma in addiction studies-university Essay

Social Capital (Degree in Diploma in addiction studies-university level) - Essay Example Bourdieu came forward with his definition of social capital more than three decades back. Here, it needs to be conceded that his concept had lesser acceptability than his other works in the sphere of sociology. At a later point of time, James Coleman came out with his definition of social capital where, he endeavored to blend both economics and also sociology. As a matter of fact, he termed his elaboration as the rational action theory, which exerted tremendous influence on policy makers as well as sociologists. Putnam emphasized on both the key aspects of civic activity and association, and also the reasons for which they are pivotal for integration of society. (1) Definition of Pierre Bourdieu The explanation of social capital by Bourdieu is based on social hierarchy, and he strongly opined that economic capital is the basis for all forms of capital. He argues that it is but inevitable that social capital leads to inequality, and here it (social capital) is not fully reliant on cul tural and economic capital. He explains that the returns that different persons obtain for the same capital tends to be unequal. Bourdieu adds that the returns are directly linked to the extent to which individuals can utilize various social networks. To support his argument, he uses professionals such as doctors and lawyers as examples. Bourdieu states that the social capital of these professionals is inclusive of their goodwill in the society and the social connections. And they (professionals) make full use of their social capital in bringing about a rise in the number of clients seeking their services. In fact, apart from furthering their present professions, the professionals also stand a strong chance of making it big in the avenue of politics. While focusing on all that, he says that persons depending solely on their academic qualifications and not on any social networks are in a position of disadvantage. They cannot attain the success that is being achieved by the aforesaid professionals, and the key reason for this being inadequate connections. (2) The definition of bourdieu totally opposes the more humane approach towards social capital. For, he emphasizes just on the way in which some select persons and groups are in a position to craftily utilize their networks, for furthering their own interests. Bourdieu does not see social capital as something that can benefit all members of a society. Here, it would be ironical to be noting that, this particular definition of social capital is in stark contrast to the values of democracy that Bourdieu endorsed in his political and journalistic activities. (3) Overall, he views social capital as a concept that just enables the already strong in maintaining their strength. Bourdieu’s analysis (of social capital) almost considers coordinated and collective actions as being irrelevant. His interpretation of social capital emphasizes that there is no way in which the less-fortunate people of the society can u se it (social capital) to bring about an improvement in their circumstances. (3) Definition by James Coleman The definition of social capital given by James Coleman, a famous sociologist of the US, gained much more recognition than the one of Bourdieu. Backed by extensive studies that he carried out in the ghettos of USA, Coleman pointed out that social capital is not confined to just the elite sections of

Contract provision Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Contract provision - Essay Example The above-named Client (hereinafter referred to as "Client") is engaging Span Systems as an independent contractor for the specific purpose of designing software, herein after referred to as "Software Design Project", to be published on the Client's account on an Internet Service Provider (ISP)/Web Presence Provider (WPP) computer, herein, or provided on disc at the Client's option. The Client hereby authorizes Span Systems to access this account, and authorizes the Hosting Service to provide Span Systems and its designer, Fawaz, with "full access" to the Client's account, and any other programs needed for this project that are included as part of the Client's service agreement/level.Compatibility - Designing a program to fully work in multiple browsers (and browser versions) can require considerable, extra effort. It could also involve creating multiple versions of code/pages. Span Systems represents and warrants that the web site we design for you will work in:While Span Systems wi ll make reasonable efforts to design a fully-functional program, our warranty does not cover programs other than those mentioned above or requested special effects that we have advised you against.4.a This contract shall cover the expectation of the completion of terms on a ninety day basis. This contract does not guarantee that the contract will be completed, but rather that the terms will be revisited and renewed upon consent of all parties.

Condition monitoring- Fault diagnosis Literature review

Condition monitoring- Fault diagnosis - Literature review Example onlinear behavior of the manufacturing device has regression performed to filter out noise through the utilization of a kernel based Bayesian structure. The GA tabulates the near optimal control parameters in order to maximize the required objective (Yuan et al., 2007). Rotating machinery fault diagnosis has been attempted using thermal imaging processed through RVM methods in combination with bi-dimensional empirical mode decomposition (BEMD) and generalized discriminant analysis (GDA). The BEMD enhanced thermal image is treated with GDA to reduce features after which RVM is implemented for fault classification (Tran et al., 2013). RVM has been compared to support vector machine (SVM) methods to demonstrate its robustness for gear fault detection. Compared to SVM, the RVM method required lesser kernel functions and learning time while demonstrating comparable performance (He et al., 2009). RVM combined with GA has been utilized in state classification of roll bearings. The GA is applied to determine training parameters for RVM. Experimentation and analysis revealed that the application of GA in combination with RVM produced better results than back propagation neural networks and SVM (Li & Liu, 2010). A comparison of multi class RVM and SVM methods for low speed bearing fault detection revealed that RVM methods held great promise for accurate fault classification. Component analysis was carried out in order to classify features and to reduce the dimensions of the raw data set. Fault diagnosis was carried out with feature extraction and without it (Widodo et al., 2009). Wavelet packet feature extraction was applied in tandem with RVM for detecting gear faults. Using the Fisher criterion, the discrimination power of the features is tabulated and two optimal features are selected in the time domain and wavelet domain. These are used as inputs to the RVM. Comparisons with SVM revealed that the RVM based method produced better results for online classification (Li

English Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

English - Essay Example The movement was caused by an unusual phenomenon, Synchronous Lateral Excitation (London Landmarks, 56). When people walk, they naturally sway a little, which in turn caused the bridge to sway with them. Given that the engineers had not installed any form of dampers, the swaying of the bridge was uncontrollable (BBC online, 2000). Synchronous lateral excitation is basically when the bridge moves laterally in conjunction with outside forces. In this case, pedestrians walking across the bridge. In order for the engineers to alleviate this movement, they needed to install a damping system. After discussion of either active or passive damping, they chose passive damping. This form of damping uses viscous dampers that are encased pistons, similar in action to the shocks of a vehicle, to absorb and transfer the movement of the bridge so that the swaying is no longer felt. These viscous dampers reduce the lateral motion. In order to reduce the vertical motion, the engineers employed tuned m ass dampers. These dampers are very simple in their technology, as they are tuned to the frequency of the inertia of the bridge, thus reducing lateral movement (Jones, 87). The engineers in this case should have taken a closer look at the mechanics of the bridge when they built it.

Multiple Linear Regression Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Multiple Linear Regression - Assignment Example del is linear in the sense that every predictor variable is either a constant or the product of a parameter (ÃŽ ²Ã¢â‚¬â„¢s) and a predictor variable (x’s). The researchers further investigated whether the multiple linear regression models provided a better description of the relationship between the wave modes than would a linear regression model with only a linear predictor. In the model, y (the response) is the ISOw (westward moving intraseasonal modes) and x (the predictor variable) is the ISOe (eastward moving intraseasonal modes). ISOe is further broken down to into more variables by applying power functions of the predictor variable to create a polynomial. Higher power terms are included in the model in order to seek evidence of any improvements in how they increase the accuracy of how wave modes are displayed. This selection is arbitrary and purely based on the assumption that it may lead to the development of a better model for depicting the relationship between the independent and dependent variables. Each of the introduced independent variables is then evaluated for significance (at the 5% level of significance) in order to establish its relevance to the entire model. Each item with a coefficient whose p-value falls below the 0.05 (5%) threshold is considered as being statistically significant. Such variables are retained in the model. The test of significance was repeated several times using the bootstrapping technique. A^sub s, T^ = (X^sup T^^sub t^X^sub t^)^sup -1^X^sup T^^sub t^Y^sub s,t+T^ by solving for a specified lag for the regression coefficients. In this equation, â€Å"T† is the matrix transpose, â€Å"a† the coefficients, and s the grid points (more easily interpreted as the lags). The regression equation involving the nonlinear terms is then tested for suitability against the ordinary linear regression. The model that appears to explain more variance in the response is deemed better.

Technological innovations from creative minds Essay

Technological innovations from creative minds - Essay Example Because of this we see technology as a work both of science, art, and as a means to an end and not just a technology per se. Engineers are rarely able to solve problems by mere substituting numerical values in mathematical formulas. "It is his business to cause a compromise between several conflicting requirements and find a solution, which will fulfill the desired purpose in an economical manner," (Still & Siskind, 1954). The engineering components of a design represent the science of it that would cover the principles, theories, systems, and mathematical principles involved. The functionality, mechanisms, and others physical components of a technology is created with reasons. How these scientific components are implemented and arranged to work in a technology is the art that depended on creative and critical judgment. Still and Siskind (1954) further affirmed that machine design calls for individual judgment to a greater extent. But judgment is not easily acquired in school. It is inherent within the character of the designer and learnt through practice and experiences. Achieving the end through the unu sual way requires a critical mind that evaluates every bit of possibilities and impossibilities. The outcome or the end results, the underlying cause why a technology is created, the effect of the technological... al environment, improved food, clothing, and shelter, increased security, release from the bondage of bare existence, increased knowledge as among the important contributions of technological development. Meanings are embodied within the aspect of every technological design and this revolves around the creative nature of the designer. Focusing so much on the technological side could not make us appreciate the real context of the creativity for which the technology is based. As Heidegger (1997) puts it, "the essence of technology is by no means anything technological." Therefore dealing so much on the tangible aspect of the technology would keep us entwined and captured with it. By looking beyond we open our minds to new possibilities, innovations, and a future outlook. Design concepts and creations are based on science and engineering principles but it is the creativity that puts meaning on the design. To simply illustrate, two scientists may use the same engineering principles and techniques in coming up with a design to solve a particular problem but there could be difference in the final form since another factor usually play and that what most creative thinkers see beyond the phys ical side. When humans developed the rockets he looked beyond the conquest of space. And when man sees beyond the boundaries of the universe he doesn't end his creativity within the limits of the capability of the rockets. Technologies are shaped by the future and seeing beyond the future of new technologies is what ignites creativity to develop new ways, new things, and new ideas. Let us apply the concepts of technological creativity with the emerging virtual technology and gather around the science, the art, and the means to an end behind its conceptualization, development, and

Relationship Between Service Advertising Strategies and Consumers Dissertation

Relationship Between Service Advertising Strategies and Consumers Responses Within Hospitality Industry - Dissertation Example the primary research instrument and are administered in various modes, such as by regular mail, overnight delivery, fax, the Internet and drop-off/pick up. Meanwhile, interview-completed surveys are conducted personally in a shopping mall, home, office or other workplace of the consumer-respondent or coursed through the telephone. On the other hand, Hair et al. (2011) explained that observations may be conducted in three ways: (1) directly by a human observer; (2) electronically, as in the scanning of purchases in retail outlets or click-through behaviour of individuals when browsing the Internet; and (3) mechanically, through the telephone as when business calls are recorded for quality control monitoring or training purposes. Qualitative techniques. The qualitative techniques in commonly used in business researched are classified as interview-based or observation based. Both classifications used interview / interview guides. In-depth interviews, focus-groups, case studies and proje ct techniques are interview-based. In contrast, qualitative observations carried out either directly by a human observer or electronically. Traditional focus groups are the most frequently selected qualitative observation technique based on the 2008 trends in research industry (as cited in Hair, et al., 2011). Other common observation-based qualitative techniques based on research industry trends include personal and telephone-coursed in-depth interviews, chat or text-based online focus groups, video-based online focus-groups, interview / groups using online communities, monitoring blogs, and ethnography (Hair, et al., 2011; Bryman & Bell, 2007). Mixed methods techniques. Mixed methods research refers to one which â€Å"integrates quantitative and qualitative research within a single... This dissertation chapter discusses the methodology, that was designed to provide direction in the collection, processing and analysis of data in this study, which ventured to look at the consumer decision process in terms of the association between the advertising strategy applied and corresponding consumer reactions to the strategy utilized within the hospitality sector. Three groups of research techniques are available for this type of business-related inquiry, namely: quantitative, qualitative and mixed methods. A quantitative technique was deemed most appropriate for the purpose of the study. Survey methodology was adopted with the use of a researcher-constructed instrument consisting of twenty items developed from existing literature. The instrument was evaluated using face validity and internal consistency reliability, for which pre-testing and pilot testing were carried out. Simple random sampling was utilized in the calculation of minimum required sample size of 138. The sam pling unit adopted in this chapter of the dissertation was the household. Systematic sampling was used in the administration of the research instrument to one household for every 500 households in the Bournemouth area. To sum up, it can be stated that data collected were analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Inferential statistics were carried out using two-tailed or non-directional analysis and a 0.05 level of significance. A coding guide and an interpretation guide facilitated the analysis of data.

Nagel, Chisholm, and Locke - Metaphysics of the Mind Essay Example for Free

Nagel, Chisholm, and Locke Metaphysics of the Mind Essay It is very difficult to attribute characteristics to a mind when we know it does not actually exist in the physical realm. Though, personal identity has been connected to the mind. However, it is tricky to determine what exactly comprises one’s personal identity. Although it is a difficult concept to grasp, philosophers such as Nagel and Chisholm attempt to construct their own position on the characteristics of the mind. By comparing Nagel and Chisholm’s positions on personal identity, it is evident that identity is a development of both body and mind. Nagel shows that we cannot properly identify a mind, and if this is the case then it is impossible to attribute personal identity to a mind. In turn, he attacks the idea that personal identity can be defined in terms of physical attributes. Chisholm shows that although things are constantly changing, they still remain the same. He argues that it is the mind that holds our identity, regardless of physical alteration. In my view, the physicalist perspective of identity is the most logical when contrasted to the mentalist argument simply due to the fact that we do have a self-identity, and Nagel does not attempt to define what it is. Locke’s argument finds a middle ground between Nagel and Chisholm as he argues for a conscious and bodily continuity of the mind. In order to identify the mind-body problem and argue that identity is a development of the mind, Nagel’s position must be analyzed. Firstly, when addressing the mind-body problem, Nagel states that one cannot explain the mind body relationship through logic, functions, or intentions. He argues that these states can be ascribed to robots that may indeed behave like people, however robots do not experience anything, and it is experience that influences the mind (436). Nagel’s bat analogy helps solidify his position on experience which is that no one can experience the same thing as another. He claims that; â€Å"even to form a conception of what it is Kristen Biduk 6949215 like to be a bat†¦one must take up the bat’s point of view† (442). Meaning, one must have the same thinking patterns as the other which Nagel argues is impossible. He argues that it is our consciousness which provides the mind-body problem. Although one can relate to what it is like to be a bat, it is impossible to fully comprehend it because in order to become a bat, conscious-ness must be forgotten. For that reason, one cannot know that others have a mind, but one can perceive that they do. Chisholm opens his argument with providing an analysis of the Ship of Theseus and explains that identity is transitive, meaning that it is always changing. Similarly, he uses the example of the river and how although it is the same exact river, it is given different identities based on geographical location. The identity of the river is changing. Based on his view of alteration, Chisholm suggests three possibilities for alteration and identity. Firstly, we can deny the transitivity of identity, but he proves this to be a problem. His second suggestion is that nothing alters, but this too proves to be problematic. For example, if one was to cross the border of the United States of America and the border patrol officer asked if he was the same as the person in the photo, he would say no. Because, when that photo was taken he had certain characteristics, and now, x amount of years later he has different characteristics, and is therefore a different person. Clearly this is an issue. Thirdly, he analyzes Butler’s position on the misuse of the word ‘is’ in that, for example; there exists something at a certain place (P) at a certain time (t) that is identical with same thing at a different place (Q) at a different time (t1). By saying identical, he means they exist in together, however it is mathematically impossible. He concludes that such things are entia per alio (made of). Entia per alio is something that exists because a Kristen Biduk 6949215 mind makes it up. For example, a pencil is entia per alio because without a mind, it is simply an object. The mind makes the pencil an object for writing. Without a mind giving meaning to something, that something has no identity. In regards to self-identity, I find it difficult to agree with the mentalist perspective. Nagel’s writing, â€Å"What is it like to be a Bat? † does not provide sufficient insight to the development of self and self-identity. He bases his writing solely based on defining the mind. It is true to say that we cannot properly identify a mind. How can we as a whole, understand something we do not actually know exists? We can assume it exists but it provides no understanding. Based on this belief, Nagel concludes that because we cannot properly identify a mind, we cannot connect personal identity to a mind. But where can we find our personal identity? He claims that our identity does not lie within our physical attributes which leaves identity suspending in the air. The mentalist perspective is limiting in the sense that it does not take in to account outside variables that can impact one’s identity. We are not born with an identity and I feel as though Nagel’s position is implying that we are. Additionally, our identity is developed from our consciousness, and we do not become conscious of ourselves at infancy. We develop our self-identity through time and it is consistently changing. Chisholm is much more realistic when it comes to defining personal identity. We cannot assume that our identity is purely based on our minds, for our minds are influenced by our physicality. In turn, our physicality is influenced by society. We identify with ourselves based on what others think of us. For example, if someone weighs three hundred pounds, they may identify themselves as unhealthy because that is what society has told them. Similarly, if that three hundred pound person lost weight and now weighed one hundred and thirty pounds, that Kristen Biduk 6949215 person may identify themselves as healthy. If they used diet and exercise as a method to lose the weight, they may identify as athletic. This proves that personal identity is indeed transitive. It will always be in a constant state of change depending on the influences around them. We have identity because others around us have provided us with our identity. One could argue then that if one was to lose only ten pounds then identity will not change because the change is only slight. If we analyze the Ship of Theseus once more, Chisholm argues that slight changes still have an impact on our identity because our identity is always changing. By using the problem of Theseus’s ship however, it gives us ideas of identity for inanimate objects. One could argue that it is not relatable to beings with consciousness however I would have to disagree. Our consciousness, or our memories are what hold our self-identity. If we lose an arm or leg, we are still the same person because our minds still hold our memory. While the mentalist perspective does not take into account physical impressions, and the physicalist perspective lacks some insight on our own consciousness, Locke provides an explanation that touches on both sides. Locke argues for a conscious continuity and not a bodily one. He begins with clarifying that all minds have a common structure wherein there are two qualities within our identity: primary and secondary. The primary quality consists of consciousness. I can identify with myself because I am conscious of my own existence. The secondary qualities consist of qualities that are changing, such as hair length or weight. He insists that our primary qualities are what provide us with identity however he agrees that secondary qualities must be analyzed. Our secondary qualities are always changing while our primary qualities are static. Without the secondary qualities, our identity would not change, Kristen Biduk 6949215 which Chisholm proved. In comparison to both Nagel and Chisholm, Locke’s argument holds the truest because he takes into account both perspectives and develops the most logical understanding of identity. Additionally, Locke states that there is a first and third person perspective on identity. The first person identity is what one makes of himself. The third person helps confirm one’s identity. Both of these together help form one’s true personal identity. For one without outside influences has nothing to base their identity on. For example, if one was to look at cases of people raised in isolation, it will be seen that they have no sense of reality or identity. They were left to their own thoughts with no outside stimulation. When they leave their isolated prisons, they rediscover their identity by identifying with their outside influences. In conclusion, it is almost impossible to justify the mind/body problem. Both Nagel and Chisholm’s perspectives on identity are fairly vague and both lack a deeper understanding of the mind. I truly believe that it is the mind that holds our identity. However an identity is highly structured by its outside influences. Without a body or without society, one would have no identity. Some can argue that there can be a mind without a body, but it just doesn’t make rational sense. If hypothetically, one was to have their mind switched into a different body, he would still identify as himself. For it is our mind that holds our identity, however our mind is within a body.

Methods of Market-entry Strategy

Methods of Market-entry Strategy Chapter 8 Methods of entry A well planned market-entry strategy entails an operator greater management over its market initiation and launch expectations, thus providing assurance to meeting financial targets. Businesses nowadays attempt to accomphlish increment in sales, brand awareness and business sustainability by breaking into new markets. Formulation of a market entry strategy requires an in depth analysis of potential competitors and likely customers. There are numerous options to enter a market. The list comprises of direct and indirect exporting, joint ventures, Merger acquisitions or licensing of technology abroad. The risks benefits associated with each method are attributed to several elements. This includes the nature of the product or service you produce, the requirements for product or service support, and the foreign economic, political, business and cultural environment that the firm is seeking to enter. The ideal strategy is highly reliant on the firms level of resources and commitment, and the level of risk that the firm is willing to take. Many businesses select exporting as their entry strategy. Start-up costs and risks are kept to its minimal, and it is less complicated in comparison to the other methods. Exporting can be performed directly or indirectly. Via the direct method, the business extends its business plan to include exporting as a new activity and gathers knowledge and workers to execute the plan, i.e., locating foreign buyers, labelling product, making transportation arrangements, and invoicing. If the avenue of direct exporting is unavailable, firms can can consider indirect exporting via a foreign distributor. Barriers to trade, Depth of localized knowledge, price localization, competitors, and export subsidies are some of the relevant factors MNCs consider when deciding which entry strategy to pursue. Joint ventures A joint venture is a strategic alliance where 2 or more parties, usually businesses, form a alliance to share markets, assets, intellectual property, knowledge, and profits. The distinct difference between a joint venture and a merger is there is no transfer of ownership in the partnership. This partnership can happen between titans in an industry. Samsung siltronic (Singapore), for example, is a strategic alliance between Samsung and Siltronic. It can also materialise between two smaller businesses that believe coming together as one will allow for synegistic effect to ward off bigger competitors. Companies with similar products and services in their portfolio can also come together to enter markets they wouldnt or couldnt consider without investing large amount of capital. In addition, due to local regulations, some markets can only be entered through a joint venture with a local business. Example would be Delphi Automotive Systems Hasu Industries Sdn Bhd went into a joint venture to form Delphi Packard Electric Malaysia Sdn Bhd. In certain scenarios, a huge company can decide to form a joint venture with a smaller business. Its main objectives are to promptly acquire important intellectual property, technology, or resources otherwise difficult to acquire despiting having abundance of capital at their disposal. A few studies have been conducted. Their main findings revealed that most joint ventures have a failure rate corresponding to about 60% within a time span of 5 years. Experts concurr that the key attribute for success here is the human factor, such as the integration of human resources and the sharing of knowledge, rather than geographical or financial factors. Merger acquisition This approach is particularly enticing to companies in turbulent times. The reason why larger companies will attempt to takeover other companies is to initiate a more agressive, cost-efficient company. The companies coming together aims to attain a larger share of the market or to accomphlish greater efficiencies. Due to the potential benefits that is associated with the acquisition, target companies tend to agree to be purchased when they know the likelihood of their survival is low. When one company assumes control over another and distinctively established itself asthe new owner, the purchase is an acquisition. From a legal point of view, the targeted firm ceases to exist, the buyer devours the business and the buyersstock continues to be traded. A merger occurs when 2 firms, commonly of the same magnitude, agree to surge ahead as a singlenew entity rather than remain separately owned and operated. Both companies stocks cease to exist and new company stock is issued in its place. For instance, when Daimler-Benz and Chrysler merged, a new company, DaimlerChrysler, was born. Greenfield ventures Greenfield ventures is a form of foreign direct investment where a parent company sets up new operations in a foreign country by the construction of new plants and factories from scratch. In addition to constucting new facilities, new long-term jobs are created in the foreign country by the employment of new workers. Green field investments materialise when multinational corporations gain access into developing countries to construct new factories or stores. Developing countries tend to provide prospective companies tax rebates, subsidies and other types of incentives to entice MNCs to invest in their country. Governments rationale is that losing corporate tax revenue is a worthwhile tradeoff if jobs are created and knowledge, management know hows and technology is obtained to amplify the countrys human capita.

The World Heritage List In Africa Tourism Essay

The World Heritage List In Africa Tourism Essay 1. Introduction The following part of the report will give a general introduction to the site which has been chosen to be added to the list of World Heritage Sites, namely being The Maasai Mara National Reserve. Furthermore the country and the region will be described followed by arguments why particularly this site was chosen and further on naming all the criteria of the World Heritage Committee which the site meets. In addition a concise analysis will be carried out using the Fermata method. This method will help to record all the resources the site has to offer in order to develop a strategy on how to develop tourism within this area. At the end the outcome of this chapters research will be summarized in a short conclusion. General Information on The Maasai Mara National Reserve The Maasai Mara National Reserve is also known as the Mara. Historically, Maasai Mara obtained its name from the native people of Kenya the Maasai tribe who lived along the Mara River. However, the reserve is only a portion of the Greater Mara Ecosystem, which includes a group ranches for example koiyaki, lemeki ,Ol chorro Saina Maji moto Naakara Ol derkesi and Kiminet. The reserve is topography of open savannah grassland in the midst of clusters and acacia trees along the south-eastern area of the park. The reserve covers an area of 1,510 square kilometres in the south-western Kenya. In the northern part, the reserve is mainly covered with Mara-Serengeti ecosystem this covers 25,000 square kilometres between Tanzania and Kenya and in the south It is bounded by the Serengeti Park. Climate The Maasai Mara reserve is located at an altitude between 4,875 and 7,052 feet above sea level giving it a humid climate with moderate temperature. Daytime temperatures run at 85Â °F (30Â °C) and night temperatures drop to around 60Â °F (15Â °C). The rain falls between March and May and shortly in November and December. Between July and October the weather is dry hence the vegetation is in abundant thus tourism get more active in July and October to see the parks wildlife. Tourism According to www.maasaimara.com, The Maasai Mara type of tourism is ecotourism. The ecosystem holds one of the highest lion densities in world with over two million Wildebeest, Zebra and Thomsons Gazelle that migrate annually. This action is known as Natures passion play It occurs between the month of July and august. Additionally the Mara reserve is also home to the largest concentration of wildlife. These include the Big Five (Leopards elephants lions rhinos and buffalo) zebras, antelope, gnus, Oribis, hyenas, giraffes, warthogs, gazelles, hartebeests, hippos, crocodiles to mention a few. The Maasai culture is yet another major attraction, because of their authentic culture thats why it is recognised as one of the best-known tribes in world for their bright colored clothes and traditional dances, souvenirs, art and collectibles that explain their unique tradition. Moreover Bird watching is yet another source of tourism. The Maasai Mara boasts over 400 different birds species. Therefore it attracts bird lover. Arguments for the site In the following, the choice of the Maasai Mara Natural Reserve as a potential future World Heritage Site will be justified with the help of UNESCO criteria. The Maasai Mara Reserve is most famous for its unique wildebeest migration which cannot be found anywhere else on planet earth. The occurrence of the big five as well as the wintering spot for many endangered species makes the reserve an important area that has to be protected in the future. Below three criteria will be mentioned which can be referred to the Maasai Mara Reserve Criteria V: to be an outstanding example of a traditional human settlement, land-use, or sea-use which is representative of a culture (or cultures), or human interaction with the environment especially when it has become vulnerable under the impact of irreversible change. This criterion can be related to the Maasai community living in peace and harmony with the wildlife since a long time. The Maasai community used the land for many years while they kept in mind to conserve the predominant wildlife in a responsible way. Criteria VII: To contain superlative natural phenomena or areas of exceptional natural beauty and aesthetic importance. With its annual wildebeest migration from the Serengeti to the Maasai Mara Reserve the site fulfills the criterion of exceptional natural beauty and aesthetic importance since there is no comparable natural phenomenon worldwide. Further on, the Maasai Mara National Reserve is equipped with beautiful savanna grasslands and plenty different herbivores and bird species. Moreover, the big 5 can be found within the reserve what is also very unique. Criteria X: to contain the most important and significant natural habitats for in-situ conservation of biological diversity, including those containing threatened species of outstanding universal value from the point of view of science or conservation. Since the reserve is an important wintering spot for many different species the criterion of significant in-situ conservation is warranted definitely. Also the occurrence of carnivores such as the lions or the cheetahs are very important for the reserve because they are listed as threatened. Furthermore, they keep the balance of prey numbers what is crucial for the ecosystem. Analysis using the Fermata method In order to come up with a good strategy on how to develop tourism within the Mara region, it is of great importance to know what resources are already available at this moment. Therefore the FERMATA method has been chosen, providing four different tables, namely intrinsic and extrinsic values, modifiers and waypoints. These tables categorize everything that can be found in and around the site and can serve tourism purposes. Intrinsic values Describing a world heritage site means defining intrinsic and extrinsic values of the site. Intrinsic values are those which originate at the resource itself. Hence, intrinsic values are of natural character. These intrinsic values are for instance: Scale, integrity and aesthetic of the landscape as well as diversity, specialty, conspicuousness, appeal, scope and dynamics of resources. In terms of the description of the landscape, the Massai Mara Reserve is characterized by the Mara-River which divides the Reserve into two parts. Further on, the variety in altitudinal range between 200 and 1000 meter makes the Massai Mara a diverse area for all different kinds of birds and flora. With a total scope of 1,510 square kilometers the reserve provides habitat for 1,300,000 wildebeest, 360,000 gazelles and 191,000 zebras. Additionally, many carnivores as well as more than 600 bird species can be found in and around the reserve. In terms of human intervention, the reserve is managed by the Narok County Council and the Transmara County Council who set up several rules and regulations concerning behavior within the Massai Mara Reserve. Moreover, the Massai Community lost much of their land because it became a protected area of the reserve. Furthermore, many farms developed in the northern part of the reserve due to its fertile land. Referred to tourism some 45 tented camps a re distributed all over the reserve which arouses a lot of damaging actions such as high water consumption or dry-season grass fires caused by tourists. (Appendix: Table 1) Going further, it is important to take the resources into consideration. Due to its river, the grassland and the evergreen Amazonian forests the Massai Mara Reserve offers a diverse landscape. However, the landscape itself cannot be considered as very special but the migration of the herbivores that grants the reserve a general impression of outstanding beauty. As already mentioned before, the wildebeest migration can be seen as the pull factor of the site since tourists travel around the world to see this unique natural phenomenon. Although this spectacle can be seen as the main attraction of the reserve many tourists come as well to observe the more than 600 different bird species whereof plenty are listed as endangered. Finally, the Mara River is the only dynamic resource which can be found at the reserve since the rest mainly consists of grasslands and savannah. Situated in Kenya, the climate can be defined as tropical with long rainfalls from April to June. (Appendix: Table 2) Extrinsic values Generally said extrinsic values can be seen as additional features in the natural site, which also make people come to visit the place apart from the fact that they want to enjoy the outstanding natural resource. These features are made by humans and according to FERMATA Inc. (2002) they can be divided up into the following categories: Social, Cultural, Historical, Recreational and Economic. For a brief description see the appendix XYZ I To apply this analysis of the extrinsic values to the Maasai Mara Reserve, it can be said that the reserve gives home to the Maasai people. It is estimated that around 500,000 Maasai live in that area, but due to their fear of governmental intervention into their lifestyle, miscounts often occur. The Maasai belong to those tribes that have not changed a lot in their original culture, rituals and practices regardless of the modern worlds influences they are exposed to. Additionally it should be mentioned that they are mainly in possession of the land and deal with its management, however, lately they have lost a lot of land to parks and reserves, which prohibit them from accessing important sources of water, pastureland and spots where salt can be found. (Masaai Association, 2010) From a cultural point of view the villages of the previously mentioned Maasai tribe can be seen as an attracting attribute, for example due to their houses solemnly built from natural resources or their very simple lifestyle which is perfectly adjusted to their natural environment. Regarding the historical values one will have difficulties finding any in the Maasai Mara reserve, because the Maasai tribes live a nomadic life moving within the reserve depending on the season and therefore certain monuments or special places are not part of their culture. All their requirements for ceremonies and rituals are based on what they can find in nature. (Maasai Association, 2010) Concerning recreational values one can find three different lodges and around thirty campsites to spend the night there. Moreover these lodges or camps offer a number of safaris including jeeped safaris, balloon safaris, horse riding safaris and walking safaris accompanied by a Maasai. (ORD Group, 2010) Finally the economic values of the Maasai Mara National Reserve are that it attracts a lot of tourists and as the number of inhabitants is constantly increasing, but the number of livestock is decreasing in the same time , people depend more and more on other sources for nourishment. Therefore in the northern part of the area they have started to erect extensive fields to grow e.g. soya beans, wheat or sorghum. (UNESCO, 2010) Modifiers, constraints, limits, qualifying factors Modifiers: These are constraints that hinder tourism development at the Maasai Mara ReserveEcological: The damage in term of ecology is high, this is due to fact that Maasai Mara is not a national park but rather a national reserve hence it is not managed by the Kenya Wildlife Service. Its welfare is entrusted in the hands of Narok County Council and the Mara Conservancy who attain contract from the Trans Mara County Council. According to Dublin (1991) the lack of proper management leads to poaching, destruction of habitat by constant uncontrolled bush fires and exceptionally heavy influx of elephants hence to a decline in number of animals. Moreover over development of hotels, camps and loges outside the gate of the reserve is growing on a high rate. A summary of the ecological constrains according to Charles Ndegwa Mundia, Yuji Murayama ( 2009) can be found in the appendix XYZ-II. Physical: Tracks are established, balloon and helicopters in order to reach the natural and cultural heritages. Visiting the reserve is possible throughout the years. High season is from January to March this is when it is heavily overcrowded by people because it is dry and warm. Also in June and September it is overcrowded because this is the time when wild beasts migrate. Health and Safety: Masai Mara Reserve is fairly a safe place, however, it is recommended not to get out of track. Concerning the health issues, the Maasai Mara National Reserve lies in a malaria region which foresees to take anti malaria precautions, wearing long-sleeved clothing after dark and applying insect repellent. The water is safe and there is big hospital in Nairobi 100km east of the park in case of an emergency. Feeding animals is not allowed since it might induce danger of boldness and foster aberrant behaviour which might be harmful for the visitors. Regulatory: There are many rules and regulations mainly for conservation and visitors safety and faller to apply; there is a penalty in form of paying a certain amount of money. According to Matt J. Walpole (2003) In the Mara Triangle; not more than five vehicles is allowed around an animal because it disturb the harmony of animals. Secondly Human habitation is forbidden in the National Park only staffs are allowed. Thirdly driving off the road is not allowed. Also Visitors are only allowed on the roads from 06:00 to 19:00. Additionally people are urged to keep the environment clean putting trash at their accommodation not at site. Respect the culture of the local people and lastly no animal feeding by visitors because it dangerous. Economic: the fee to reach the reserve and cultural resources is moderate since the Kenyan currency value is low, except for the accommodation and guided tours depending on if you sleeping in camp or luxurious hotel. The transit to the park as well as entering the park certain fee is obligated. Adult inhabitant costs 500 Kshs; children inhabitant costs 200 Kshs, adult non local 30 US dollars and children non local 10 US dollars. Time: The reserve can be accessed from Nairobi airport, its about 270km that is six hours by car but it can shorter by helicopter. The more suitable time is in June and September when wildlife migration take place Moreover the high season is from January to March when it is warm and dry. In October December are rainy seasons however it doesnt hinder game viewing To conclude the above constrains, it can be said that Mara reserve is facing a lot of challenges mainly regarding the ecology. But they have implemented rules to protect both the animals and the people although the rules are not 100% acted upon because the government left the reserve in the hands of private ownership. However there is evidence that the site has abundant nature and culture sites, unique species and rear landscape hence these fit in UNESCO criteria. Waypoints: Gateways, Portals, Icons ME Conclusion Me

Engineering Plan :: essays research papers

Engineering Plan We plan to implement the basic multi-cycle processor design as shown in the textbook, as well as pipelining and â€Å"jump and link†. The toughest part of this design will be the datapath control, for which we will be using a FSM. The ALU will implement add, sub, and, or, sll, and slt functions – though a separate block is typically used for shift operations, we felt that putting sll and srl in the ALU would simplify our design. All other basic functions (lw, sw, lui, beq, bne, j) will be implemented as show in the textbook. The processor will have two main stages: load instructions into memory and execute instructions. Special instruction codes will be defined as â€Å"stall† and â€Å"stop execution† to work in conjunction with the FSM. The global reset will set all memory and registers to 0, and put the FSM in â€Å"load instructions mode†. We would like to use one memory module to store both instructions and data (with instructions starting at 0 and going up, and memory starting at the highest address and going down), however this design would present some addressing headaches so we will most likely use separate memory modules for instructions and data. The main part of the pipelining implementation will be the hazard detection unit. We plan to have this work independent of the datapath control FSM as so to simplify FSM design. The hazard detection unit will control muxes to drive register forwarding and will issue stall instructions directly to the instruction register when needed. â€Å"Jump and link† will make use of a specially designated register (most likely one of the upper registers, since those aren’t used in the provided test function). Muxes will be used to feed the PC+4 into the regfile and the regfile output into the PC register. The datapath control FSM will control these muxes.

Sabiduría y enseñanza en la ciudad en crisis (Platón, Apología 18a7-20c3) :: Spanish Essays

"Sabidurà ­a" y "enseà ±anza" en la ciudad en crisis (Platà ³n, Apologà ­a 18a7-20c3) ABSTRACT: Con Platà ³n se produce el reconocimiento de la educacià ³n como el lugar en que una comunidad mantiene su peculiar instalacià ³n en la realidad y por ello como el terreno de la accià ³n politica eficaz. La problemà ¡tica, presente ya desde los textos socrà ¡ticos, es ubicada en el pasaje de la Apologia de Sà ³crates en que la mencià ³n de las ‘acusaciones antiguas’ permite ver el juego de distintos elementos-la paideà ­a, la opinià ³n pà ºblica, el saber-en un momento de crisis. Esta crisis, tanto de la base polà ­tica tradicional como de la polà ­tica pragmà ¡tica, se traduce en un oscurecimiento de que lo que son el hombre y la pà ³lis que da lugar a Sà ³crates y a su tarea como consciencia de la quiebra del mundo polà ­toco. Se desarrolla el alcance ontolà ³gico de ella y sus-paradà ³jicos-consecuencias polà ­ticas y educativas. Una usual caracterizacià ³n sociolà ³gica de la educacià ³n la define como los modos de reproduccià ³n de una sociedad. En el fondo, la educacià ³n està ¡ exigida por el hecho de que una comunidad determinada (asà ­ sean las grandes sociedades contemporà ¡neas) resulta el lugar primario del encuentro del hombre con la realidad, y esta apertura del mundo, por ser siempre concreta, es histà ³rica y finita, y por ello tiene que esforzarse permanentemente para mantenerse abierta, ya que en cualquier momento puede oscurecerse y quebrarse. La educacià ³n es parte decisiva de este esfuerzo. El nombre de Platà ³n parece ligado a una concepcià ³n que, lejos de encontrar un fundamento en la finitud, lo encuentra—si vale la palabra—en lo 'absoluto', dejando a lo finito en una regià ³n ontolà ³gicamente là ­mite. Y sin embargo esta comprensià ³n de la realidad—que el Platà ³n maduro traducirà ¡ en la doctrina de las Ideas—està ¡ ligada al intento de rescatar a su particular comunidad de un naufragio (rescate que Platà ³n cree todavà ­a desesperadamente posible, aunque en realidad ya era tarde). Ya los textos "socrà ¡ticos" (la Apologà ­a de Sà ³crates y el Crità ³n) marcan, en la compleja relacià ³n de Sà ³crates con su ciudad, el reconocimiento, a la vez, del carà ¡cter fundante de lo comunitario-polà ­tico y de la quiebra interna de ese fundamento; y es justamente esta quiebra la que permite reconocerlo como tal. Estos textos tambià ©n marcan el comienzo de la reflexià ³n platà ³nica sobre la educacià ³n, que el drama socrà ¡tico signa inicialmente de violencia. Sà ³crates es la và ­ctima ilustre de una realidad social fallida que se opone con toda su fuerza a quien seà ±ala esa quiebra de sus fundamentos y que aparece asà ­ como 'subversivo' mucho antes de cualquier propuesta de replantearlos o cambiarlos.

“Social Construction of Reality”

â€Å"Social Construction of Reality† Reality is not an objective thing that is imposed upon us, but is created by us. Reality does not exist externally but internally, as each individual or group interprets it, and is always changing. Due to these concepts sociologists often speak about the â€Å"social construction of reality† which is essential to understand when attempting to explain human social behavior. Since realty is the basis of people’s actions, W. I. Thomas states, â€Å"If people define situations as real, they are real in their consequences†.The â€Å"social construction of reality†, human social behavior and W. I. Thomas’s statement are three concepts that fit hand in hand and are important when trying to explain one another. Sociologists speak about the â€Å"social construction of reality† as a way to describe the significance of how society shapes our definition of reality. People coming together to build reality and define something as real because we define it as real. As sociologists explain the social construction of reality they have observed that each society or the social groups that each person belongs to forms ones particular views on life.Our â€Å"social construction of reality† constructs our views of how we see the world around us therefore affecting how we see reality and why we do the things we do. People construct reality using the five senses: sight, smell, touch, hearing and taste. For example, when taking a table into consideration, one does not react to the concrete object but the meaning we give it. If this same table were to fall out of the sky, land in a jungle and tribe people were to stumble across it they most likely would not use it in the same context but maybe as a bed or a sacrificial altar.The â€Å"social construction of reality† not only applies to inanimate objects but to relationships and the basis of how someone treats someone else, such as symbo lic interactionism (Essentials of Sociology, pg. 15). Symbolic interactionism such as we attach meaning to things and this is how everyone understands similar views in the world and how we communicate with one another. This is evident when one dissects the idea of the enslavement of Africans, known as the â€Å"white mans burden†. Whites defined blacks as less than human, savages or creatures that could not survive off of their own minimal cognitive reasoning.This understanding was the basis of slavery. Another example is the idea of marriage and divorce, and how the institution is ever changing. Up until the early 1900’s marriage was viewed as a lifelong commitment, divorce was â€Å"taboo† and shunned as being immoral and the abandonment of adult responsibility. In 1945 sociologists Ernest Burgess and Harvey Locke noted that couples were looking at marriage as less of a lifelong commitment and more of an arrangement that was based on attraction and feelings, i t became a situation that could be broken when feelings changed.Divorce became more common and was defined more positive as freedom and new beginnings (Essentials of Sociology, pg. 16). An example of another â€Å"reality† is how from person to person there is no true definition of success. The letter grade â€Å"B† brings on different emotions depending on the individual. One student would jump for joy to pass with the â€Å"B† while others would be sad, even cry. In actuality â€Å"B† is just a shape, a letter of the English alphabet, given on paper but what the person defines it as gives it meaning to their reality, and then forget about the â€Å"+† or â€Å"-â€Å" given accompanied with the letter grade.Our social construction of reality defines our behavior and how we respond to the meaning that we give these situations or objects. Human social behavior is what is based off of once a reality is socially constructed. This is why it is so im portant to first understand the concept of the â€Å"social construction of reality† before trying to explain why people act the way they do. Because this object with four legs attached to a flat surface is defined as a â€Å"table† one uses it to eat on or sit at and not other things such as sleep on.If an individual were to use it as something else they would be looked at as being weird because they are not doing what is socially accepted or viewed as â€Å"breaking the rules†. The concept of ethnocentrism is where a group of people tries to change another group of people to make them like them so they can â€Å"save† them for their own good. This is done because according to their social construction of reality however the opposing group behaves is â€Å"wrong†. This can be seen throughout history for example the crusades, as stated before the â€Å"white mans burden† in Africa, and the war in Iraq.During the days of slavery, treating a b lack individual maliciously was socially accepted because of the way reality was constructed. The changing attitudes toward marriage and divorce are evident when one looks at the trends. Marriage is not viewed the same as it was 100 years ago; it is not necessary to be married forming a family by age 15. This concept of social construction of reality also explains why patterns form and how people can develop similar behavior without having to know each other.On the streets of New York good sidewalk etiquette is defined as passing another person on the right, walking far enough not to brush the other person ,if one can help it, and ensuring not to look at the person when walking by. However, when any of these rules are broken it makes the other individual uneasy or even angry. But these unwritten rules aren’t necessarily the same in different parts of the world, for example in London it is socially correct that if you are walking towards and passing someone else that you part ways on the left side.Other areas where unwritten rules exist are in elevators, such as where and how to stand, and also seen in face-to-face conversations, such as eye contact and distance something known as â€Å"personal space†. Ones views for what is right from wrong also comes from the foundation on what one defines as real. W. I. Thomas’s quote, â€Å"If men define a situation as real, its real in its consequences† correlates directly to the idea that human social behavior is based off of the â€Å"social construction of reality†.Thomas is analyzing that reality is a social product that is construed by whatever we define as real. Humans do what they do and react solely by the meaning we give things and not the things in and of itself. This is why money, gold and diamonds are â€Å"valuable†. Money is simply made of paper but because it is defined as currency we make it out to be very valuable. To better understand this notion one can take not e of our system of crime and punishment, which is based off of W. I. Thomas’s thoughts.When the jury makes a decision, they are deciding on what they perceive as reality. They do not know exactly what happened but from witnesses and evidence they make this judgment. W. I. Thomas’s idea is significant in the study of human social behavior because it further proves that human actions are based off of the reality that something is true. This is why what is defined as â€Å"normal† varies from culture to culture and the decided meaning to an object or action is arbitrary. The â€Å"social construction of reality†, human social behavior and W.I. Thomas’s quote, â€Å"If men define a situation as real, it is real in its consequences† are concepts that compliment one another. To be able to understand fully, one must be able to comprehend all concepts. When sociologists speak about the â€Å"social construction of reality† through the groups that we belong to we learn ways of looking at whatever happens to us and what we see because through social interaction is how we construct reality and from that point on is how we behave and respond.It’s not a question of which came first the chicken or the egg, because in the eyes of sociologists human social behavior is caused by the â€Å"social construction or reality† and W. I. Thomas’s statement is an abridgment of these concepts explaining men’s definitions of situations given the meaning of what is what or who is who. It doesn’t matter what is real or not, what does exist or not exist, because we give meaning or â€Å"consequences† to this reality that has been portrayed and instilled in our minds. References Henslin, J. M. 2011. Essentials of Sociology: A Down-to-Earth Approach-9th edition. Pearson. Social Construction of Reality The â€Å"Social Construction of Reality† is a work of hypothetical reasoning to the redefine the task and to broaden its range to understand the redefining of sociological knowledge. Peter L. Berger and Thomas Luckmann both argue that reality is socially constructed by the knowledge of the people for social reality is produced and communicated amongst others. They emphasize on the fact that human is a part of a product of society and vice versa: society is a product of human. Berger and Luckmann follow the Schutz’s concept of viewing the reality of everyday life as an â€Å"intersubjective world†- a world shared with many others.Berger and Luckmann begin with emphasizing strongly on the multiple interpretations of â€Å"reality† amongst the â€Å"intersubjective world† they share. They argue the meanings that we, as human, interpret from the messages and what we situate ourselves in, is affected by our knowledge, our surroundings and our interactio ns. And what we interpret corresponds with others’ interpretations. It’s a constant, ongoing paralleling conflict/agreement between your individual meaning and others’ meaning of a message. Berger accentuates that we take the â€Å"reality of everyday life for granted as reality. I felt in the way that he was criticizing humans for being ignorant and close minded to what more the world can offer and only focusing on the views of our individual society. Human only seek to understand our individual knowledge of a subject, hence that I mentioned before in my interpretations, that our society is constructed by knowledge. I then concluded that Berger was arguing on the concept that we, as humans, are de-humanizing ourselves through our view of society. He gives off an example, which I completely agree with, to further emphasize on how humans can become oblivious to the world that is outside OUR individual world.He speaks of a case, where an automobile mechanic who k nows of only American cars is put in a situation where a customer brings in a Volkswagen-a foreign-made car. Now this mechanic is required to enter the â€Å"problematic† world of foreign cars with curiosity to lead, or makes the choice to not leave his â€Å"everyday reality. † We, as humans (depending on the individual’s personality) become cautious when the problematic world is presented to us. Whether the society involves humans to be risk taker, no human would leave their world of comfort and sanity to join and explore something completely different from the world they are familiarizing with.After hours of re-reading this excerpt, I finally got an idea or at least a gist of what Bergen and Luckmann argues. I then related their argument to past historical events or events that we deal and struggle with today. I related this excerpt to the struggle that women endured in the mid 1800’s. Many, more in general, men, didn’t recognize women were huma n with rights according to the governmental documentations. Men saw women as property, especially if they were married. Women were stripped off their rights when married and were considered delicate and weak.Women possess the knowledge that they were equal to men; they knew that the society there were stuck in was incorrect. So they, as â€Å"delicate and weak† beings took the chance to explore their own â€Å"problematic† world. And that lead to a movement, a strong revolution consisting of women fighting for their rights. And the ignorance in this situation is presented through the share of the men’s interpretation of what a woman is and the purpose they are to be serving in society. As Berger argues that we take our reality of everyday for granted, I agreed.In today’s society, it becomes clear that certain women belittle themselves for men. In today’s society, women don’t realize how grateful we are to be able to a complete true citizen. From sending nudes and selling their body, it puts a strong movement that was revolutionizing in the19th century to waste. Women become close minded, exactly as Berger and Luckmann argued, and only see for their individual society. That’s why we need to vote; at least to appreciate that the rights we now possessed were fought for, for us to be equal.

Exam Study Guide Essay

The skillful consequences that may result from the legalization of mercy killing as proposed by brock be the side by side(p)(a) a. serve as an redress policy- it comfort tolerants by allowing them to know that it is there if they subscribe to it b. respect the ego determination of individuals c. exit a relief from prolonged piteous d. stumble a dignified demise possible 2. In his article on VA mercy killing, Brock examines two broad lines of nones against mercy killing a. deontological b. utilitarian 3. pack argon generally opposed to killing because they book learned or been taught to think about it in damaging terms.Killing is usually reported in the scene of murder, non in the context of humanitarian service. 4. Allowing someone to die involves withholding intervention, when no cure is possible or withdrawing intervention because it is no longer open to cure a dying persevering. 5. To the melodic theme that diligent voluntary euthanasia is mutually ex clusive with a physicians chaste and professional shipment is to electric charge for endurings and shelter living history, Brock replies the commitment to self determination and swell being ought to be at the means of medical exam practice, not just preserving life. 6.To the dissent that allowing euthanasia would undermine general dominance in health-cargon services providing optimal cargon for dying patients, Brock replies There is no cerebrate to fear that euthanasia is going to whittle away patients trust if only voluntary euthanasia is allowed. 7. Among the ethical considerations relating to transmissible testing are the following a. do parents fork out the properly to be informed of all the results of a inherit equal test? b. does a individual have a near to have sisterren who are likely to be impair? c. should public funds be employ to pay for genetic esting when people are unavailing to pay? 8. Therapeutic sterilisation is the termination of the abilit y to produce subject if the buzz offs life or rational health is in danger. 9. In the context of euthanasia, the slippery slope argument is the idea that it will eventually engineer to a diminishing of our respect of life. 10. Abuses of laws permitting mobile euthanasia can be prevented by doing the following a. chance upon sure that it is the patient voluntarily making the decision to have it. b. make sure that there is no chance of reco really for the patient. c. he patient must(prenominal) feel that they are not being a burden to their family because of their illness. 11. Among the benefits of genetic testing are the following a. make betters the lives of the parents and at times, the kidskin b. provides assistance for parents who wish to make rational decisions regarding their family planning 12. Ethical considerations with successor motherhood accommodate the following a. is it right to ask a refilling mother to get through up all rights to a baby she carried for n ine months? b. potential courtroom battles over custody of a child conceived outside of marriage. c. uture emotional distress when the child learns that they were deliberately taken away from their instinctive mother.13. Extra familiar care means when warmth for a comatose patient, one should intromit B. CPR, mechanical breathing 14. The set of conditions that must be present to determine if a patient is an irreversible coma is know as the Harvard Criteria. 15. The care given to terminally ill patients that consist of comfort measures and indication control is referred to as palliative care. 16. The go bad M case is an example of C. problems encountered as a result of the use of a surrogate 7. An infertile couple who does not wish to adopt has the option of surrogate motherhood. 18. While the goal of therapeutic genetic interventions is to restore the patient to the best state of matter of health as possible, the goal of nontherapeutic or enhancement genetic engineering is to improve on an otherwise healthy body. 19. A viable infant is one who is able to survive after fork up. 20. Provide examples of banausic versus extraordinary means used in the treatment of terminally ill ordinary includes- treatment that is chastely required, such as giving fluids and providing comfort measures. xtraordinary includes- procedures and treatments that are morally exp residuumable, example providing chemotherapy to a patient who has end stage cancer 21. The Karen Ann Quinlan case come to C. removal of a respirator from a comatose patient 22. A theatrical role of settlement that allows people with terminal illnesses, such as AIDS, to obtain money from their insurance policies by selling them is called a viatical settlement. 23. The Karen Ann Quinlan case is an example of C. withdrawing treatment 24.What are some of the measures to assess quality of life? a. general health b. physical unravel c. social function d. nuisance e. mental health 25. What measures does pa lliative care include? a. comfort measures b. symptom control for pain, brusqueness of breath, support therapy, etc. c. relief of pain and suffering d. make the end-of-life period a meaningful experience for the patient 26. wherefore did the surgeons attempt to separate conjoined twin Laden and Laleh Bijani when the chances of survival were apparently very slim? ecause he was persuaded to proceed with the doing based on medical raise and the strong desire of the twins to be separated he wanted to make sure they had their best chance. 27. What are the Kubler-rosss five stages of dying? 1. Denial 2. evoke 3. Bargaining 4. Depression 5. Acceptance 28. People who are against euthanasia offer the following reasons a. possibility of mistaken diagnosis b. doubt about how voluntary a patients choice is c. it distorts the moral debt instrument of doctors. The role of the doctor is to care for his patients, not to shorten their lives. 29.Genetic counseling involves probe and counsel th rough interview and conferencing with likely parents to determine the risk of passing on a genetic disease to their offspring. 30. A surrogate mother is a woman who a woman who is carrying the ovum of the wife or another woman who is unable to give birth, and the husbands sperm to eventually birth a child- they are bound under contract to give up the child at birth to the couple they agreed to complete this with. nearly are paid from $20-25,000 in medical expenses. 31. To the idea that active voluntary euthanasia is incompatible with the octors moral commitment to care for patients and protect life, Brock replies the commitment to self determination and well being ought to be at the center of medical practice, not just preserving life. 32. For Rachels, the distinction between active and still euthanasia often leads to decisions concerning life and death made on the ceremonious doctrine. 33. On the issue of euthanasia, Rachels argues that letting die, or doing nothing, is a fo rm of passive euthanasia. 34. For jam Rachels, the Standard View is wrong. If active euthanasia is sometimes permissible then passive euthanasia is also sometimes sometimes permissible.

Sharp

Anna S BA 3103 Critical summary make-up peachy precipitates trinity quarter results showed very disappointing performance. The throw awayowship account a ? 249. 1 jillion ($3. 12 trillion) loss. Moreover, it is forecasting a ? 450 billion, or $5. 6 billion, loss for the fiscal course with 2013. Appargonntly, the society is burning through more cash in than it is generating and having concentratedy in securing short-term financing. Also, the participation is considering selling any(prenominal) holding in other companies and assurance building in Tokyo.Furthermore, its thinking to sell television assembly plants in Mexico and China, which would reduce its payroll by 3,000 jobs, added to the 5,000 positions delegate for layoff earlier this year. The company has decided to skim the current lemonys payroll by 14%. In addition, dandys allots are down 75% this year. This paper pass on conduct a situation compendium of national and external environment of Sharps wea k performance. It will as well as summarize the primary causes of companys weak performance. Internal Analysis pecuniary ProblemsCurrently the company faces two problems it is under pressing to reduce interest-bearing debt, which change magnitude to ? 1. 25 trillion since June 2011 and, similarly, needs to repay ? two hundred billion of convertible bonds that mature in September 2013 (Daisuke Wakabayashi). At the end of June 2012, the companys cash, accounts receivable, inventory and other assets couldnt covering its short-term liabilities. The company is struggling to compound cash. Sharps net loss for the first one-half included ? 84. 4 billion in restructuring costs, including a ? 30. billion impairment of assets in its solar batteries unit, a ? 53. 4 billion write-down on inventory, and a ? 61. 0 billion write-down on deferred assess assets. Also, at the end of September, the Sharps shareholder beauteousness ratio hide to below 10 percent, which is half the rate gener ally considered a healthy minimum. Sharp remains super dependent on short-term borrowings. tender internal cash flow has oblige the company to pay off unlocked promissory note mostly with money box borrowings (Reuters). In addition, the company is shortly considering fusion with other companies.You can read also Thin Film Solar CellExternal Analysis Product Demand The Sharps main products, LCD TV and forthwith panels, were accounted for 60% of total revenue in 2012, however, the make intimately weakened, especially in comparison to Korean rivals. For the first conviction in the company history, shipments of LCD TVs fell year-over-year, declining just over 3% to 43 million units. The step-down hada immenseimpact on the market, with total TV shipments falling almost 8% year-over-year in the first quarter of 2012, the drastic decline since the second quarter of 2009.When the market slowed down, Sharp has been left with excess capacity at its domestic plants. Sales of LCD TVs just about halved in the October-December quarter. The manufacturer of electronics products and their components also reported quarterly sales of solar cells fell by a third from a year ago, slowing demand and increase competition from Chinese makers (James Topham). Global deliverance Sharp has struggled with a slow frugality, losing the exponent it once got from transition to spheric digital broadcasting and from subsidies for purchases of energy-efficient goods.Demand for LCD televisions in demonstrable economies has been saturated however, growth in developing markets is slowing. Also, the strong yen has made Sharps products more expensive overseas. Therefore, it is difficult for the company to compete in the global market. Product prices were also affected by Japans relatively high labor cost, electricity, merchandise fuels and raw materials. In addition, euro debt crisis became another solid ground for the slow growth in the populace economy (James Topham). Competiti on Sharp faces increased competition from very large electronic companies such as Apple, Samsung and LG.SamsungElectronicsCo. , Ltd and LG Electronics, Inc. have generated bettor profits and strengthened market positions in the TV and panel businesses during 2012, supported by an improved product mix. Samsungs flatbed panel TV revenue share remains the largest in the industry, almost 26% (Dan Graziano). Samsung is also the top brand in the key segments of LCD TV, 40+, LED-backlit LCD, and 3D TV. Also, the company benefits from favorable exchange place and aggressive investments. Samsungs current capitalisation is $163 billion and Apples $634 billion.As impertinent Sony, Panasonic and Sharp combined are instantaneouslyworth only $54 billion at current market set(Michael Fitzpatrick). Summary Based on internal and external analysis of Sharps recent activities, the primary causes of companys poor performance are 1) the company is struggling to raise internal cash flow and, theref ore, cannot cover its short-term liabilities 2) the demand for LCD and flat panel TVs has substantially weakened due to global economy slow down 3) Sharp is face up a fierce competition from Samsung, LG and Apple, which currently holding the largest market shares in electronic manufacturing industry.Bibliography 1) WAKABAYASHI, DAISUKE. Sharp Says Its Future Is at Risk. 1 Nov. 2012. 7 Dec. 2012 http//online. wsj. com/article/sb10001424052970204712904578091761289023722. hypertext markup language. 2) Reuters. TEXT-SP summary Sharp Corp.. 30 Nov, 2012. 8 Dec, 2012 http//www. reuters. com/article/2012/11/30/iduswlb148420121130. 3) Topham, James. Sharp Corporation Blames Falling LCD TV Prices, Increase In Yen For project $3. 8 Billion Loss. Feb. 2012. 8 Dec. 2012 http//www. huffingtonpost. com/2012/02/01/sharp-corporation-lcd-prices_n_1246028. html. 4) Graziano, Dan. GLOBAL LCD TV SHIPMENTS kick the bucket FOR THE FIRST TIME EVER. 21 Jan. 2012. 8 Dec. 2012 http//bgr. com/2012/06/21/gl obal-tv-sales-lcd-shipments-down/. 5) Fitzpatrick, Michael. Fear and loathing in Japan. 18 Sep. 2012. 8 Dec. 2012 http//tech. fortune. cnn. com/2012/09/18/fear-and-loathing-in-japan/.

Adapting to Change

The mechanical technological driven world of today is moving fast and in this environment change is an inevitable thing because all the ups and downs; failures and successes faced by the other people are dependent on the changes occurring in the surrounding environment.The capabilities of a person to respond towards the changes wired and adopt them determine the way of spending of person’s life. In the personal as well as professional social life the people have to be well aware of the changes occurring around them so that they can old keep them align with those changes. Most of the changes occurring in the surrounding world are led by the technological advancements.Implementing change is rather difficult.The dissertation is based on a qualitative research study that is conducted through secondary analysis of data and a case study.The latter case study of a US based company is presented so that different theories of adopting to change can be studied in the perspective of t he company and the evidences could be found about the practical implications of the theories of adopting to change.1.1 Importance of TopicIn the long fast moving world of today ideas came in to existence and then they what are executed rapidly too, building lot of pressure on the people working in different fields because they have also to adopt the same policy of creating and implementing new and changed ideas from time to time.Recognizing change may be battle.

1.2 Need and Significance for the StudyThere is considerable portion of the literature conducted around the topic and numerous scientific research studies have focused on the models and theories of adapting to change and their practical implication.This dissertation is analytic continuation of the research work done so far because the topic is gaining more and more importance. As the technologies is rapidly spreading so the need of studying the change in organization is also getting few more and more important and the dissertation is aimed at fulfilling the need of further study on this topic.Change is inevitable and its constant.Literature Review2.1. Adopting to change – Historical PerspectiveAdopting to change in an organization is not a new phenomenon but it has deep roots inside the history. Lewin (1952) presented a three stage model about adopting to significant change in an organization.Everyone has obviously noticed the change in the markets.

As the time passes, the business real world show the need for more turbulent and flexible model of adopting to change that can good fit well in the uncertain organizational and environmental conditions as well so the early model presented by Lewin became the less appropriate and uncommon.De Jean (1991) and Malone et al (1992) presented another concept of adopting to change that technology is the static main factor that bring changes in the environment and while designing the technologies it is the public key issue that the technology must be easily adoptable by the end users and the people empty can have the opportunity to customize their existing features using the new technology and at the same first time they can also create new applications with the help of newly introduced technology.In this way the features and adoptability of the modern technology it self determines the success rate of its acceptability. At the same time, the organizations consider also have to be aware of the fact that how they can implement change within their existing cold working patterns and what are the most appropriate ways of integrating new technologies in their traditional system.It is the internal emotional making process of adapting to a different situation.2.2. Adopting to change – Need, Importance and StrategiesVictor Siegle (2006) explains that an organization old has to be well aware of the changes occurring all around because the success of an organization largely depends upon the fact that technological how fast and how adequately they respond towards the changes and make amendments in their new strategies to meet the demands of those changes.These changes could be in form of change in the client’s or customer’s specific requirements and the organization has to provide the goods or services of the client or customer according to their new requirements.Know how you react to pressure in your very own way that is distinctive! Over-training or spi nal injury outcomes if stress may not be tolerated.

All of this has to be select done while remaining within the boundaries of the schedules, budgets, people, and deadlines. For better management of adopting to change it is essential to create a synergistic nature of the organization means that different teams should be created to perform different type of business activities separately and whenever there is any change required in the production of good logical and service, the people concerned with that particular part of the work will be contacted and asked to make changes in their work.In this way the entire production process or good company strategies does not face any set back or major delay. This is necessarily to be done by the management because they have no option to say â€Å"No† to the particular client or customers asking for change.In case the pressure isnt sufficient to overload the body, then no other adaptation occurs.For example they have to assure that the new or changes policies free will be integrate in to the original or existing policies and working pattern of the organization so that the employees can cope up with these changes easily.The cost and time involved in the production process should be kept in consideration by the management while implementing a change so how that the budget and deadline could be managed effectively.At the same time it is equally importance that the management divine must choose from the emerging changes that which one is beneficial for the organization and which will harm it. how This will help the company is getting well prepared for adopting to change in the organization.Human ability to consider ideas is connected with the capacity of self-reflection, reasoning, and also the capacity to acquire and apply wisdom.

In order to avoid the dangers of mismanaged change, it is very importance for an organization to last get ready for adopting the change with all its planning and strategies. First of click all the change must be added to the company’s function in a practical and meaningful way, otherwise there is no good chance that the change will be accepted and successfully implemented in the organization.Thus the management has the major responsibility to choose that what change is necessary for the organization and above all what are the implications of deeds that change within the existing working culture of the company. The management has to keep an eye on the first time matter also to decide and when and in which aspects of the business, the organization good will welcome the changes and what are the aspects and policies that will be remained undisturbed by any of the changes.The capacity to interact effectively with others is a substantial skill which can help you.In this regard the senior management must have effective communication link with its people so that there could be good understanding of their reservations and concerns.2.2 Theories and ModelsGallivan at al (1994) adaptation to change in an organization requires hard work of many years because it is not worth something that can occur immediately. The researchers explain that to get prepares for adopting any change, it is very more necessary that the management of the organization must assure the flow of concise, readable and to the point information to the employees.Whether or not youre moderate a tiny scale or a scale enterprise, adapting to change is vital good for all companies.

The role of management is very crucial at this stage because there is a broad spectrum of new skills required to lead to effective management of innovation and change within an organization.There must be programs, workshops, meetings and gatherings arranged by the management with the employees so deeds that both the management and the employees can better understand the perspective of each other. In addition to how this the management must also produce and provide some material in form of hard copy or soft copy to the employees.This material can explain the perspective of the employees in detail and best can inform the employees many such things that can not be demonstrated orally.Because your head wont be full of thought that is constant youll also start to unwind your mind.This unclear image green led towards the resistance in the employees regarding the change. Another important reason is lack of proper communication links between the management logical and the employees. Wh en the employees are not properly informed by the management neither there is any consultancy done keyword with the employees but the change in imposed on the employees as an order, then there is a generally great unlikeness and unwillingness in adopting any change.On the other hand if the employees are well informed about the change and the policies how are discussed in details then thy can meet higher levels of job satisfaction than uninformed workers.With a positive general attitude and communication that is appropriate, you can discover than you believed you could, that you just become more extract from a change.