Educating Rita

New experiences often occur in the transition of coming ‘into the world’. People in society learn to experience growth and cope with change in the world and themselves. Willy Russell’s play Educating Rita, demonstrates different pathways between the two protagonists, Frank and Rita and there coming ‘into the world’ journey. In the play Willy Russell uses visual techniques such as: positioning, colouring, facial expression, and symbols. The use of these techniques has allowed the composer to portray a better understanding of the play Educating Rita and how it represents the message of coming ‘into the world’. write an essay quickly One of the main themes in Educating Rita is change. Rita want’s to move into a different world from where she grew up in. At the beginning of the play the audience comes to understand Rita changes her name from Susanne to Rita. This is significant as it shows an indication that she wants to transform herself, leaving her past behind her. Frank however becomes uncomfortable with the idea of being the mechanism of Rita’s change. The theme change is represented in the positioning of the two protagonists as it signifies both Frank and Rita as ‘coming into the world. The positioning of the characters shows Frank standing over Rita, distinctively reflecting the authority of Frank as he is the professor and the enthusiasm of Rita, as she is getting an education she is finding herself â€Å"See I don’t wanna a baby yet. See, I wanna discover myself first†. (Act one Pg. 12) This shows Rita coming ‘into the world’ as her transition of becoming educated helps her discover herself. Frank however has many questions, â€Å"what can I teach you? † (Act one Pg. 3) This displays Frank without authority as he is asking Rita what she wants to learn, meaning that even though Frank is educated it does not mean he has all the answers. The colouring of the visual text also expose the theme of change reveals a sense of coming ‘into the world’ as it shows Rita wearing blue, a bright coloured shirt, which shows the passion for her education. This relates to her experiences ‘coming into the world’ as Rita has experienced life without an education and is now becoming educated through help and knowledge of her professor Frank, she has come to terms with changing the outside you also need to change the inside. But if you want to change y’ have to do it from the inside, don’t y’? Know, like I’m doin’†. (Act one Pg. 11 This shows Rita wanting to change. Frank however is wearing a formal suit, dark and professional colours which demonstrate to the audience that the image being portrayed is different to what his personality is. This is also showing that although Frank is dressed professionally he is still a drunk. Frank is teaching because he has to not because he wants to. This shows how his passion is not there. Frank does not experience a positive change throughout the play. He becomes less sober and more ‘pig headed’ â€Å" Rita: Do y’ need the money? Frank: I do as a matter of fact†. (Act one Pg. 4). Franks therefor is depicting that he is teaching Rita for the money, although Rita knows this she does not pay mind to it as she is getting an education she is happy. This shows both Frank and Rita coming ‘into the world’. Another theme that is relevant and used throughout the play to demonstrate ‘into the world’ is Social change. Rita feels as though she is socially disadvantaged as she is not educated with her working class neighbourhood. Her whole ego for an education was when her husband Denny, wanted to have a baby and she was looking for â€Å"a better way of livin’ me life. The use of facial expression is used in the visual text to portray feeling and a sense of understanding. Rita looking up at Frank shows her wanting him to understand how much she wants an education. This shows Rita maturing as a working class citizen. † Rita: But I had a choice. I chose me. Because of what youâ €™d given me I had a choice†. ( Act two Pg. 72) This quote shows Rita’s transition of coming ‘into the world. Franks facial expression is less enthusiastic. It shows him holding a book, portraying that Frank wants Rita to learn herself, backing up the play when he says he does not want to be the mould to Rita’s change. Although Frank understands Rita wants an education he does not understand why she wants one now. â€Å"Frank: But I don’t know what I want to tell you, Rita, I don’t know what I want to teach you. What you already have is valuable. † (Scene 1 Pg. 48). This shows Frank’s confusion towards Rita. Choices and consequences is another theme used in the play Educating Rita to show the transition of Frank and Rita coming ‘into the world’. Rita’s motivation is to achieve a direction in which she wants her life to follow. Rita’s main choice of an education is so she can make more informed choices. Frank is also having to make choices too. Rita decides for Frank that he is teaching her and that he is to return â€Å"next week†. Frank feels as though he has forced Rita into losing her touch with parts of herself which were unique and precious. Frank’s life is unsatisfying for him but unlike Rita he choses to do nothing about it. It is this choice he makes into him being sent to Australia at the end of the play. The use of symbols used in the visual text is used to demonstrate an understanding of the world around the two protagonists, Frank and Rita. The window is set behind the two characters but is significant as it is referred to a lot in the play. Rita always looking out of the window to the educated class of people sitting on the grass gives a certainty of her need to escape and to become educated. Frank however won’t give up drinking. He always has an alcoholic drink with him this shows he has a problem. Although Rita uses the window to escape, Frank uses it as a deception. He does not want to change he is satisfied with how he is. Frank does not accept change from choices that have been made. â€Å"Frank: No you’ve found a different song, that’s all- and on your lips it’s shrill and hollow and tuneless†. (Act two. Pg. 9) This quote showing the audience that Frank still has not changed from his morbid character at the beginning of the play till’ now. The visual text reveals Rita as an enthusiastic student who wants an education to change her life and her past choices. The text also reveals Frank of his consequences. Frank not being able to stay sober does not allow him to experience change throughout the transition of coming ‘into the world’, to his fullest potential. ‘Into the world’ discusses change and experiences throughout one’s life.. The play Educating Rita mostly supports this. Educating Rita New experiences often occur in the transition of coming ‘into the world’. People in society learn to experience growth and cope with change in the world and themselves. Willy Russell’s play Educating Rita, demonstrates different pathways between the two protagonists, Frank and Rita and there coming ‘into the world’ journey. In the play Willy Russell uses visual techniques such as: positioning, colouring, facial expression, and symbols. The use of these techniques has allowed the composer to portray a better understanding of the play Educating Rita and how it represents the message of coming ‘into the world’. write an essay quickly One of the main themes in Educating Rita is change. Rita want’s to move into a different world from where she grew up in. At the beginning of the play the audience comes to understand Rita changes her name from Susanne to Rita. This is significant as it shows an indication that she wants to transform herself, leaving her past behind her. Frank however becomes uncomfortable with the idea of being the mechanism of Rita’s change. The theme change is represented in the positioning of the two protagonists as it signifies both Frank and Rita as ‘coming into the world. The positioning of the characters shows Frank standing over Rita, distinctively reflecting the authority of Frank as he is the professor and the enthusiasm of Rita, as she is getting an education she is finding herself â€Å"See I don’t wanna a baby yet. See, I wanna discover myself first†. (Act one Pg. 12) This shows Rita coming ‘into the world’ as her transition of becoming educated helps her discover herself. Frank however has many questions, â€Å"what can I teach you? † (Act one Pg. 3) This displays Frank without authority as he is asking Rita what she wants to learn, meaning that even though Frank is educated it does not mean he has all the answers. The colouring of the visual text also expose the theme of change reveals a sense of coming ‘into the world’ as it shows Rita wearing blue, a bright coloured shirt, which shows the passion for her education. This relates to her experiences ‘coming into the world’ as Rita has experienced life without an education and is now becoming educated through help and knowledge of her professor Frank, she has come to terms with changing the outside you also need to change the inside. But if you want to change y’ have to do it from the inside, don’t y’? Know, like I’m doin’†. (Act one Pg. 11 This shows Rita wanting to change. Frank however is wearing a formal suit, dark and professional colours which demonstrate to the audience that the image being portrayed is different to what his personality is. This is also showing that although Frank is dressed professionally he is still a drunk. Frank is teaching because he has to not because he wants to. This shows how his passion is not there. Frank does not experience a positive change throughout the play. He becomes less sober and more ‘pig headed’ â€Å" Rita: Do y’ need the money? Frank: I do as a matter of fact†. (Act one Pg. 4). Franks therefor is depicting that he is teaching Rita for the money, although Rita knows this she does not pay mind to it as she is getting an education she is happy. This shows both Frank and Rita coming ‘into the world’. Another theme that is relevant and used throughout the play to demonstrate ‘into the world’ is Social change. Rita feels as though she is socially disadvantaged as she is not educated with her working class neighbourhood. Her whole ego for an education was when her husband Denny, wanted to have a baby and she was looking for â€Å"a better way of livin’ me life. The use of facial expression is used in the visual text to portray feeling and a sense of understanding. Rita looking up at Frank shows her wanting him to understand how much she wants an education. This shows Rita maturing as a working class citizen. † Rita: But I had a choice. I chose me. Because of what youâ €™d given me I had a choice†. ( Act two Pg. 72) This quote shows Rita’s transition of coming ‘into the world. Franks facial expression is less enthusiastic. It shows him holding a book, portraying that Frank wants Rita to learn herself, backing up the play when he says he does not want to be the mould to Rita’s change. Although Frank understands Rita wants an education he does not understand why she wants one now. â€Å"Frank: But I don’t know what I want to tell you, Rita, I don’t know what I want to teach you. What you already have is valuable. † (Scene 1 Pg. 48). This shows Frank’s confusion towards Rita. Choices and consequences is another theme used in the play Educating Rita to show the transition of Frank and Rita coming ‘into the world’. Rita’s motivation is to achieve a direction in which she wants her life to follow. Rita’s main choice of an education is so she can make more informed choices. Frank is also having to make choices too. Rita decides for Frank that he is teaching her and that he is to return â€Å"next week†. Frank feels as though he has forced Rita into losing her touch with parts of herself which were unique and precious. Frank’s life is unsatisfying for him but unlike Rita he choses to do nothing about it. It is this choice he makes into him being sent to Australia at the end of the play. The use of symbols used in the visual text is used to demonstrate an understanding of the world around the two protagonists, Frank and Rita. The window is set behind the two characters but is significant as it is referred to a lot in the play. Rita always looking out of the window to the educated class of people sitting on the grass gives a certainty of her need to escape and to become educated. Frank however won’t give up drinking. He always has an alcoholic drink with him this shows he has a problem. Although Rita uses the window to escape, Frank uses it as a deception. He does not want to change he is satisfied with how he is. Frank does not accept change from choices that have been made. â€Å"Frank: No you’ve found a different song, that’s all- and on your lips it’s shrill and hollow and tuneless†. (Act two. Pg. 9) This quote showing the audience that Frank still has not changed from his morbid character at the beginning of the play till’ now. The visual text reveals Rita as an enthusiastic student who wants an education to change her life and her past choices. The text also reveals Frank of his consequences. Frank not being able to stay sober does not allow him to experience change throughout the transition of coming ‘into the world’, to his fullest potential. ‘Into the world’ discusses change and experiences throughout one’s life.. The play Educating Rita mostly supports this. Educating Rita New experiences often occur in the transition of coming ‘into the world’. People in society learn to experience growth and cope with change in the world and themselves. Willy Russell’s play Educating Rita, demonstrates different pathways between the two protagonists, Frank and Rita and there coming ‘into the world’ journey. In the play Willy Russell uses visual techniques such as: positioning, colouring, facial expression, and symbols. The use of these techniques has allowed the composer to portray a better understanding of the play Educating Rita and how it represents the message of coming ‘into the world’. write an essay quickly One of the main themes in Educating Rita is change. Rita want’s to move into a different world from where she grew up in. At the beginning of the play the audience comes to understand Rita changes her name from Susanne to Rita. This is significant as it shows an indication that she wants to transform herself, leaving her past behind her. Frank however becomes uncomfortable with the idea of being the mechanism of Rita’s change. The theme change is represented in the positioning of the two protagonists as it signifies both Frank and Rita as ‘coming into the world. The positioning of the characters shows Frank standing over Rita, distinctively reflecting the authority of Frank as he is the professor and the enthusiasm of Rita, as she is getting an education she is finding herself â€Å"See I don’t wanna a baby yet. See, I wanna discover myself first†. (Act one Pg. 12) This shows Rita coming ‘into the world’ as her transition of becoming educated helps her discover herself. Frank however has many questions, â€Å"what can I teach you? † (Act one Pg. 3) This displays Frank without authority as he is asking Rita what she wants to learn, meaning that even though Frank is educated it does not mean he has all the answers. The colouring of the visual text also expose the theme of change reveals a sense of coming ‘into the world’ as it shows Rita wearing blue, a bright coloured shirt, which shows the passion for her education. This relates to her experiences ‘coming into the world’ as Rita has experienced life without an education and is now becoming educated through help and knowledge of her professor Frank, she has come to terms with changing the outside you also need to change the inside. But if you want to change y’ have to do it from the inside, don’t y’? Know, like I’m doin’†. (Act one Pg. 11 This shows Rita wanting to change. Frank however is wearing a formal suit, dark and professional colours which demonstrate to the audience that the image being portrayed is different to what his personality is. This is also showing that although Frank is dressed professionally he is still a drunk. Frank is teaching because he has to not because he wants to. This shows how his passion is not there. Frank does not experience a positive change throughout the play. He becomes less sober and more ‘pig headed’ â€Å" Rita: Do y’ need the money? Frank: I do as a matter of fact†. (Act one Pg. 4). Franks therefor is depicting that he is teaching Rita for the money, although Rita knows this she does not pay mind to it as she is getting an education she is happy. This shows both Frank and Rita coming ‘into the world’. Another theme that is relevant and used throughout the play to demonstrate ‘into the world’ is Social change. Rita feels as though she is socially disadvantaged as she is not educated with her working class neighbourhood. Her whole ego for an education was when her husband Denny, wanted to have a baby and she was looking for â€Å"a better way of livin’ me life. The use of facial expression is used in the visual text to portray feeling and a sense of understanding. Rita looking up at Frank shows her wanting him to understand how much she wants an education. This shows Rita maturing as a working class citizen. † Rita: But I had a choice. I chose me. Because of what youâ €™d given me I had a choice†. ( Act two Pg. 72) This quote shows Rita’s transition of coming ‘into the world. Franks facial expression is less enthusiastic. It shows him holding a book, portraying that Frank wants Rita to learn herself, backing up the play when he says he does not want to be the mould to Rita’s change. Although Frank understands Rita wants an education he does not understand why she wants one now. â€Å"Frank: But I don’t know what I want to tell you, Rita, I don’t know what I want to teach you. What you already have is valuable. † (Scene 1 Pg. 48). This shows Frank’s confusion towards Rita. Choices and consequences is another theme used in the play Educating Rita to show the transition of Frank and Rita coming ‘into the world’. Rita’s motivation is to achieve a direction in which she wants her life to follow. Rita’s main choice of an education is so she can make more informed choices. Frank is also having to make choices too. Rita decides for Frank that he is teaching her and that he is to return â€Å"next week†. Frank feels as though he has forced Rita into losing her touch with parts of herself which were unique and precious. Frank’s life is unsatisfying for him but unlike Rita he choses to do nothing about it. It is this choice he makes into him being sent to Australia at the end of the play. The use of symbols used in the visual text is used to demonstrate an understanding of the world around the two protagonists, Frank and Rita. The window is set behind the two characters but is significant as it is referred to a lot in the play. Rita always looking out of the window to the educated class of people sitting on the grass gives a certainty of her need to escape and to become educated. Frank however won’t give up drinking. He always has an alcoholic drink with him this shows he has a problem. Although Rita uses the window to escape, Frank uses it as a deception. He does not want to change he is satisfied with how he is. Frank does not accept change from choices that have been made. â€Å"Frank: No you’ve found a different song, that’s all- and on your lips it’s shrill and hollow and tuneless†. (Act two. Pg. 9) This quote showing the audience that Frank still has not changed from his morbid character at the beginning of the play till’ now. The visual text reveals Rita as an enthusiastic student who wants an education to change her life and her past choices. The text also reveals Frank of his consequences. Frank not being able to stay sober does not allow him to experience change throughout the transition of coming ‘into the world’, to his fullest potential. ‘Into the world’ discusses change and experiences throughout one’s life.. The play Educating Rita mostly supports this.

A Sample Position Paper

A SAMPLE POSITION PAPER Globalization: A Transition to What? Barber, Benjamin R. Introduction to Jihad vs. McWorld (New York: Ballantine Books, 1996) Kobrin, Stephen J. â€Å"Back to the Future: Neomedievalism and the Postmodern Digital World Economy,† Globalization and Governance (London: Routledge, 1999. After the bloody clashes between anti-globalization protesters and the police in Genoa, globalization is once again on the world's agenda and it is here to stay. A dream to some and a nightmare to others, globalization is a widely debated issue among journalists and scholars, among intellectuals of all profiles, business people and decision-makers alike. Benjamin R. Barber, Walt Whitman professor of political science, and Stephen J. Kobrin, professor of multinational management, both join the discussion, each giving his own vision of what the post-modern future of this globalized world might look like. In â€Å"Jihad vs. McWorld† Barber's fragmented and at the same time integrated world is â€Å"terminally post-democratic† (20). It is pulled apart by two opposing forces: disintegrating ethnic hatreds and unifying mechanisms of global economy, none of which cares much for civic society and civil liberties. In Barber's terminology Jihad stands for the blind parochialism of any kind, but primarily for tribal instincts that tear countries apart and cause bloody wars. McWorld epitomizes the world of consumerist capitalism unified by commerce, entertainment and consumerism that knows no borders. Although Jihad seems like a more obvious threat to democracy, McWorld is no less dangerous because both are enemies of the sovereign nation states and of democracy. Barber warns that democracy might be collateral damage from the confrontation between globalization and parochial fragmentation. While Barber is primarily interested in the fate of democracy, Kobrin gives a great deal of attention to the problem of state sovereignty in the increasingly integrated world. In â€Å"Back to the Future: Neomedievalism and the Postmodern Digital World Economy† the key issue is the anticipated transformation of state sovereignty into new forms of political loyalty. Kobrin argues that sovereign state as we know it-firmly defined within certain territorial borders-is about to change profoundly, if not to wither away. National markets are too small to be self-sustainable which challenges the meaning of territorial boundaries between states. Both authors acknowledge that sovereignty, defined as unambiguous authority, is threatened. Whereas Barber finds that alarming, Kobrin takes this as a historical inevitability; modern state system, based on mutually exclusive jurisdiction, may be an anomaly rather than a historically privileged form of political organizations. Kobrin argues that we should look at the medieval world for the answers to how the future might look like. Medieval analogy offers a world of overlapping multiple authorities and absence of fixed boundaries. It is a world of multiple political loyalties-to emperors, to the pope, to feudal lords-which are complex rather than linear. Kobrin's modern analogy is European Union, with its overlap of national, regional and supra-national authorities. The medieval metaphor seems attractive, but Kobrin forgets that the world of the Middle Ages was highly decentralized rather than unified, and in that sense radically different from our own. Medieval feuds, as economic units, were self-sufficient and isolated-everything that modern markets are not. Kobrin himself argues that the integrated economy requires a strong central authority, perhaps not yet in the form of world government but certainly through stronger international organizations such as WTO. Clearly, this is a different kind of authority than a pope or an emperor might have had in medieval world. Is medieval analogy applicable at all? If we follow Kobrin's reasoning, it appears that the new world will require more rather than less authority. Nation-state's sovereignty may be eroding, but, as a result, we have an increasing supra-national authority instead of a loose authority of the medieval type. Barber, on the other hand, may be launching an artificial dichotomy. While McWorld sounds like an apt metaphor for globalization, Jihad seems to be a superficial, emotionally charged term with multiple meanings. Barber draws on Yeats and Mary Shelly to define this â€Å"heritage of race,† the force of tribal instincts, ancient hatreds, and fundamentalism. Although doubtless poetic, the concept of Jihad, as described by Barber, is confusing. He takes a few examples of ethnic conflict, such as Bosnia or Rwanda, and declares they are but a manifestation of the tribalisation phenomenon, but he does little to support his thesis. Did Bosnia really fall apart because of ancient, tribal hatreds? Barber overlooks the fact that peoples of Bosnia have been living peacefully with one another much longer than they have waged wars. Reducing complex conflicts to an oversimplified, poorly defined phenomenon such as Jihad helps Barber support his shaky Jihad-McWorld dichotomy but does little to persuade the reader that Jihad exists as such. Barber's and Kobrin's views seem diametrically opposite whereas it may simply be that they are considering different issues. There is little common ground between them in terms of problems they are interested in. They both take McWorld for granted, though. Neither challenges globalization nor tries to imagine the world as something other than globalized, digital, and integrated. Even Barber who laments over the destructiveness of Jihad admits that McWorld is the winner in the long run. Although they have different agendas, they are telling essentially one and the same thing-the future belongs to McWorld. What with democracy, Barber asks? Everyone will be a consumer, but what will happen to citizens? For Kobrin, however, the problem does not exist; just as we have civil societies within states today, in the future they will be replaced by global civil society with its mixture of state and non-state actors, NGOs, transnational movements. Are Barber and Kobrin debating at all? Their visions of the world in the future are not mutually exclusive. Barber comes up with a bold notion that not even nations constitute main players today, but tribes. His description of balkanization, tribalization and awakening of atavistic forces among peoples evokes images of dark Middle Ages. Barber warns that our civilization is beginning to resemble medieval past in which the world consisted of warring fiefdoms unified by Christianity; in our world, Bosnian Serbs and alike wage their ethnic conflicts while both the aggressors and the victims eat the same BigMacs, wear jeans and watch MTV. It seems that he is also looking at the world through medieval prism, albeit from its dark side. It is precisely the dark side that Kobrin avoids confronting. He is intentionally focused on the practicalities of managing the world in the future so he lefts out of the picture the unpleasant details. Fragmentation is one of the issues that he chooses not to consider although he acknowledges that some authors, such as Kaplan offer a less optimistic vision of the world torn by refugee migration, private armies, collapse of nation state and civil order with it. Kobrin's only response to this grim prophecy is little more than hope: â€Å"One hopes that such an age is not part of the neomedieval metaphor, hat a new and more terrifying barbarian is not on the horizon† (183). Walled communities and private security forces that he admits appear increasingly today could be, Kobrin still hopes, only â€Å"ephemeral products of a world in transition and not a permanent characteristic of the postmodern era† (183). Barber, Benjamin R. Introduction to Jihad vs. McWorld (New York: Ballantine Books, 1996) Kobrin, Stephen J. â€Å"Back to the Future: Neomedievalism and the Postmodern Digital World Economy,† Globalization and Governance (London: Routledge, 1999.

Strategic plan for LEGO Group Company Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Strategic plan for LEGO Group Company - Essay Example The company was started in the founder’s workshop where Ole Kirk Christiansen created toys made of wood in 1932, but the first famous plastic brick was developed in 1949. The name of the company was developed by Christiansen from a Danish term meaning â€Å"play well†, however, the company states that LEGO means â€Å"putting together† or â€Å"assembling† in Latin, but this translation is liberal. In 1947, the company obtained samples of interconnecting bricks manufactured by Kiddicraft through the manufacturer of injection molding equipment based in London that had an interest in the development of equipment sales in Denmark. Initially, Christiansen was skeptical but Kiddicraft convinced him to make the plastic bricks instead of the wooden toys he had been making. In 1949, the LEGO Group started making bricks that were similar to the manufactured by Kiddicraft while referring to them as â€Å"Automatic Binding Bricks†, using cellulose acetate whil e being developed in the same spirit of the wooden blocks which could be stacked on each other.Nonetheless, the plastic bricks have the ability to be interlocked with each other as they contain a number of round studs on the upper side and a hollow bottom that is rectangular. These blocks were able to stick to each other but not too tightly to make it difficult to be pulled apart. Using plastics to develop toys was not highly favored by retailers as well as consumers at the time when LEGO Group began manufacturing its toys.

Volex Group Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Volex Group - Essay Example Volex has identified healthcare sector as one of the most prominent thrust area on a global basis. Rising disposable incomes in the hands of the people in emerging markets, increased awareness and rising living standards have given a great boost to the healthcare market there. Increased average lifespan in the developed countries coupled with greater emphasis on the preventive measures have also caused a huge demand in healthcare sector in this part. Moreover, the current recessionary trend has a little effect on the demand of healthcare sector. That definitely goes well with the company’s healthcare strategy. The company proudly proclaims that Volex has obtained ISO 13485:2003 accreditations this year for its three international manufacturing facilities in Poland, India, and China. The ISO-13485 certifies the design, manufacturing and project management capabilities of medical devices of the company. It establishes product safety, traceability, risk management and design tran sfer activities in product development. ... Rising disposable incomes in the hands of the people in emerging markets, increased awareness and rising living standards have given a great boost to the healthcare market there. Increased average lifespan in the developed countries coupled with greater emphasis on the preventive measures have also caused a huge demand in healthcare sector in this part. Moreover, the current recessionary trend has a little effect on the demand of healthcare sector. That definitely goes well with the company’s healthcare strategy. The company proudly proclaims that Volex has obtained ISO 13485:2003 accreditations this year for its three international manufacturing facilities in Poland, India, and China. The ISO-13485 certifies the design, manufacturing and project management capabilities of medical devices of the company. It establishes product safety, traceability, risk management and design transfer activities in product development. Prior to that, the company had the accreditation of its des ign centre in Ireland last year. This is an indication of the company's foray into the health care sector strengthening its product portfolio and achieving the industry standards that the market requires. The three manufacturing facilities at Chennai (India), Suzhou (China) and Bydgoszcz (Poland) are equipped with the state-of-the-art facilities to deliver complex interconnect products for advanced applications such as CT (computed tomography), MRI (magnetic resonance imaging, X-Ray and ultrasound. This will certainly help the company to create enough customer confidence among the health care sector. (Volex Builds, 2011) Volex's ISO achievement displays its commitment towards design processes for product delivery. This amply testifies the credentials of the Volex in

Product life cycle (PLC) Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Product life cycle (PLC) - Assignment Example Introduction Stage Pepsi Next is a beverage drink manufactured by Pepsi. Pepsi introduced it into the United States market in 2012, and therefore, it is at the introduction stage. Ever since, Pepsi has introduced the product to the international market. The company had a strong launch for the product. This shows it commitment to making the product globally recognizable. Its target market includes lapse cola drinkers. According to Pilger,†the company had lost a significant number of cola drinkers to competitors and the main aim of Pepsi Next was to win them back† (54). The company used â€Å"drink it to believe it† tag line in launching the product. The philosophy has worked well for the company. In terms of promotion mix, the company applied television adverts, direct mail, digital marketing, and heavy free trials. The product is at the introduction stage because of the high cost per a new customer acquired. The high cost is associated with the marketing costs, for example, the heavy free trials. The company offered free samples for the product including the over 800 Wal-Mart stores. Although the company’s top leadership believes that the product has performed beyond expectation, it has registered low sales. For example, because of a strong launch and promotional activities, the product had acquired a market share of 1 percent. However, the market share has declined to 0.6 percent because of low repeat sales. However, the management is convinced that the product would perform better in future. Growth stage Coke Zero is a soft drink manufactured by Coca-Cola. The company launched the product in 2006. It is at the growth stage in the product life cycle. Since the product was introduced into the market, it has been registering increasing sales. It has contributed a lot to the company’s profitability. For example, within the two years of the introduction into the UK market, the product sales reached ?75 million. Hays states that â⠂¬Å"the drink has been launched in over 70 countries and is experiencing growth in over 80 percent of its new markets† (98). The target market for the product is young men and women who are concerned about their sugar intake. After the product was introduced into the market, Pepsi sugar free drinks experienced decreased demand within the first two years. Diet Pepsi and Pepsi Max, for example registered a demand of 129 million liters for the seven months after the product was launched. This was a decline compared to the demand of 138 million liters registered within the same period the previous year. Coke zero currently is registering increasing profit and an average cost per customer. This is because there are no costly promotional activities going on as the product is already established. Maturity Stage Sprite manufactured by Coca-cola is at maturity stage. The soft drink has been in existence since 1961. The product is at the sales peak, which cannot grow further. Baldwin st ates â€Å"Sprite has a low cost per customer (32)†. One reason behind this is the fact that the product is already globally recognizable and there are no costly promotional methods used in marketing it. There are as well high profits associated with the product now. Additionally, Sprite does not face a stiff competition as it was facing during the growth stage. Decline stage Diet Dr. Pepper, on the other hand is a soft drink that was introduced in 1963. After it was introduced, the product enjoyed increased support from its target

Digital Marketing Concepts Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Digital Marketing Concepts - Case Study Example The vision of the company is a focus on customer experience by offering affordable prices, ease of access and guaranteeing the availability of merchandise. The vision of Amazon is to offer the earth’s biggest selection and to be Earth’s most customer-centric company. In 2011, the net sales of the company increased by 41%. The company has always endeavored to use technology to satisfy the needs of its customers. Use of Digital Channels Amazon.com is an online company and hence it has to utilize internet marketing techniques. Internet marketing is important in this era where most of the target consumers spend most of their time online. Digital channels are critical in advertising the company and marketing the products of the company. For a company to stay competitive in the online environment, it is necessary for it to develop features that attract customers and motivate them to make purchases from the website (Andrew, 2011). In essence, the website of an online company i s the only interface with the clients. Therefore, the website has to impressive and user-friendly for it to be appealing to potential clients. Over the years, Amazon has developed and refined its website within the anticipations of the customers and to provide a rich user interface. The company has used digital design channels to obtain a leadership position in the industry. Web Analytics Web analytics is the careful analysis of the activity on a website in order to deduce the behavior of the visitors of the website. Amazon has been at the forefront of using advanced web analytics in analyzing the behavior of visitors with a view of improving their business potential. As CEO Jeff Bezos stated, the company utilizes the latest data analysis tools to scrutinize visitor information. One of the strengths of Amazon is that offers reviews on every single product that it sells. This provides a model for online accountability. The user has a chance to read reviews of other clients before mak ing a purchase. This strategy is important in the user feels empowered and informed before making the purchase decision (Leigh, 2009). The use of web analytics also helps to cross-sell products. Amazon uses advanced software to group together products according to purchase patterns. Essentially, the company tells the user other services that have been availed to the visitor. This increases the chances of the user buying other related products and thus increase the overall amount used on the site. The concept of cross-selling is also important since the user might be unaware of other products. When related products are positioned together, the user can make a decision to purchase. The use of web analytics to collect personal information is important to personalize the offers presented to users. Information on the history of purchases and products viewed is stored and used to make target offers. This is important since it helps the company to make relevant offers to a user depending o n the browsing history collected. Amazon monitors the number of users on its website round the clock. In this way, the company is always aware of the user metrics and thus corrective measures are quickly taken in case of anomalies.

Aviation Safety Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Aviation Safety - Essay Example now and ice plan is in place; adopting new HAMZAT handling/storage and ARFF regulations; proper emergency plan, traffic/wind indicators, self-inspection, and ground vehicle operations management; assuring public protection, NAVAIDS, obstruction, construction and unserviceable; undergoing airport reporting and wildlife hazard management (FAA, 2009). 1. Contracted Airports: The issue of some cash strapped cities selling their airports to private businesses has been in practice for many decades. However, this arrangement won’t hinder an airport from being certified (Wolfe & NewMyer, 1985). That is, a privately managed airport can still receive its certification if all safety precautions and FAA’s requirements have been satisfactorily put in place. Normally, the FAA officials often conduct elaborate inspections on airport facilities before recommending it for certification. For the fact that an airport is being managed by privates businesses doesn’t indicate that the operational safety at the airport would improve more than natural or deteriorate. However, examples in recent years have shown that private owners of airports have invested so much in the airports with hope to make them attractive to passengers, and then make more money from other airport-related services (Wolfe & NewMyer, 1985). 2. Public Safety: Public safety can be simply defined as the processes undertaken by public and private establishments to protect the lives and property of ordinary people. At the airports, there are fire equipment, emergency medical aids staff and information staff to quickly help ordinary people that use the airport every time (Wells & Young, 2004). It is a good idea to have public safety procedures implemented at the airports because this practice would reduce the exposure of passengers to hazards and dangers. 3. Safety versus Security: It may true that there is sometimes an overlap between public safety and security at the airport. However, in a well-planned airport,

Philosophy of Professional Nursing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Philosophy of Professional Nursing - Essay Example All these influences are reflected in the radical changes in nursing philosophy and culture of the nursing profession. In nursing profession, 'an individual' is interpreted in terms of his relation to family and community, and as a unique personality suffered from health-related problems. For a nurse, a patient is an individual who is ill or injured, and needs professional care and medical treatment. The individuals do not exist in a social vacuum but are partly determined by the culture which surrounds them. In nursing practice, the individual as a patient is a part of family and community. In general sense, every family has internalized values and traditions that influence ideas of health and illness (Blais et al 2006). Society both reflects change in families and that society effects change upon families over time in a feedback loop. Wherever families are struggling to maintain or restore equilibrium, to find ways of coping effectively with crisis or with long-term stress, nurses may find themselves in a supportive role. In this case, nurses should develop empathetic intuitive responses to differ ent situations, and provide skilled care to relief pain and sufferings of the patient and emotional stress of his family (Sines et al 2005). The role of the nurse within the healthcare delivery system is an important one, whether assessed in terms of in or out patient care, of hospital or community care settings. The importance of the professional nurse within the health care delivery system is acknowledged and supported throughout the world. Nursing is quite often regarded as a science itself and many who are already in the field of nursing seek further studies to improve their status. As such they are considered to be "nursing practitioners" which tread a fine line between nursing practice and general medicinal practice (Sines et al 2005). The creation of this type of profession is made possible through a number of factors such as changes in the education system, advancement in technology, employment requirements and many more. Health Care Environment Healthcare environment involves treatment facilities and supportive climate, basic care services and managed care. Modern healthcare environment offers patients more flexibility in selecting providers but typically include many of the utilization management methods. Within a health environment, nurses assist in establishing a valid diagnosis early in treatment, crystallize a focus for brief treatment, enhance quality by effectively matching patients to treatment approaches, and reduce the length of treatment by assessing openness and attitudes toward therapy (Baily et al 2006). Evaluation and testing also play a critical role in primary care settings, where the need to rule out health problems and consider their role in treatment compliance, is crucial to quality care and cost-effective utilization of services. Today's modern nurses are also held responsible for other achievements in the medical industry, from research to the design of more modern facilities that were never thought t o be possible. Following the Department of Health: "good healthcare environments are key drivers of patient experience.Good environments matter to patients, their visitors and to staff" (2007). Nurses are encouraged to develop a program of outcome evaluation within their own practice,

Business Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 3

Business - Essay Example The environment, as a result, is influenced in a negative way. On the other hand, globalization has a positive impact on poverty reduction and wealth generation of the nations, thus proving them with a wider range of opportunities for sustainable development. Introduction Globalization, as a process of unification of global markets, has been much discussed in the recent years. There exist different opinions on the issue – some view globalization as a positive thing, while others – as a negative. However, a general common opinion is that globalization is one of the principal vehicles for economic growth and wealth generation. Therefore, the goal of this paper is to research and analyze the role of globalization in the modern world as that of the driver of economic growth and wealth generation. In addition, the relationship between globalization and sustainable development will be assessed and analyzed in order to determine compatibility of the two concepts. The analysis will be based on current examples in areas such as poverty alleviation and environmental protection. ... le development and how the two principles can be used on practice with the goal of achieving a sustainable competitive advantage in the global marketplace. In order to achieve the set goals the meaning of both concepts – globalization and sustainable development – should be defined in the first place. Definitions Knight (2000, 12) defines globalization as a â€Å"growing interdependence of national economies - involving consumers, producers, suppliers, and governments in different countries.† As a result, boundaries between foreign and domestic markets are loosing their significance and businesses have more freedom to operate in foreign countries. Among the results of the process of globalization is, as Dunning (1993, 43) outlines, intensification of competition. As an economic term, globalization refers to the increasing integration of global economy caused by â€Å"incessant flows of goods and services, capital, technology and information across national borde rs† (Lucas 2004, 1). At the same time, globalization stimulates international communication and intercultural exchange. So, in a broad sense globalization can be called a continuous process of internationalization that increases interdependence of world countries in such aspects as economy, politics and culture, among others. As for sustainable development, it can be defined as a system’s desire or tendency to continuously improve and achieve certain social objectives, such as social wealth and health, improved education, increased volume of resources or increased number of social freedoms (Pearce, Barbier, and Markandya 1990, 2). Though such an improvement within the system does not have any time limits, the term implies that the changes taking place always lead to improvement and benefits the system

Brain Injury Essay Example for Free

Brain Injury Essay Describe the possible signs, symptoms, indicators or behaviours that may cause concern in the context of safeguarding. A Person may abuse by either inflicting harm or failing to prevent the harm occurring. Some of the behaviours indicating possible concern with regards to safeguarding children are: Physical abuse: such as bruises to parts of the body, fingertip bruising (grasp mark), bruises of different ages in the same place. Outline bruises (hand prints, belts or shoes). It could be burns, bites and scars and fractures, poisoning or drowning. Physical harm could also be when a parent/carer makes up medical symptoms or deliberately causes illness in a child/young person Neglect: such as the child/young person being undernourished, having dirty skin and hair, dirty or soiled clothing, inappropriate clothing for the weather, hunger and stealing food, always being tired, being withdrawn, being left unsupervised inappropriately and not being given any medical care. Neglect may also occur in pregnancy, if the mother is taking illegal drugs or excessive alcohol. Sexual: abuse such as recurrent urinary infections, genital and rectal itching and soreness, inappropriate behaviour regarding age and ability, inappropriate level of sexual knowledge, and sexual abusive behaviour toward others, lack of trust, regression, become isolated and withdrawn. Emotional abuse such as low self-esteem, attention seeking behaviour, nervous behaviour, continual rocking, hair twisting, delayed development, and self harming. Describe the actions to take if a child or young person alleges harm or abuse in line with policies and procedures of own setting If a child or young person alleges they have been harmed or abused I would listen carefully to them and stay calm. I would not show repulsion or shock. I would show that I believed the child and would reassure them. I would give them time to talk and wouldn’t hurry them. I would take notes ‘in the moment’ and record facts correctly. I would not put words into their mouths or ask closed questions I.E: â€Å"What happened, rather than did they hit you?† I would let them talk as much as they wanted to and not interrupt them. I would not promise the child/young person that I would not tell anyone and explain that I may have to tell the appropriate people. The degree of confidentiality will be governed by the need to protect the child/young person. Depending on the situation I would either call my supervisor or manager to discuss there and then, or go straight back to the office and discuss face to face with my supervisor or manager. I would then type up the report whilst it was fresh in my mind. If the child was not safe or at risk of harm and had to be removed from the home I would wait until the appropriate people attended. Depending on the severity of the abuse, I may call the police, child protection and health professionals. We have a duty of care by law to report any safeguarding issues/concerns with the appropriate people. We should NOT confront an alleged abuser.

Cadburys Business Functions

Cadburys Business Functions Within every company there are organisational functions. I am going to investigate the main functions of the famous chocolate company Cadbury. Cadbury is a very successful business and have over 70,000 employees working for them. For Cadbury to remain a successful business it has to maintain some structure and business functions to be able to meet their aims and objectives. Throughout my findings of Cadbury the main activities of the following areas are what help and maintain the objectives that have been set by the business and allow Cadbury to continue to have a success an reach their aims. The production department is the department that produce the products. The department has to be in control of the turnaround of the production. When producing a product, materials and labour values are added so that the products can meet customers needs. The production team need to have a high maintained system to be able to provide, produce and reduce the amount of food waste within Cadbury. You would find that the production team in Cadbury would be concerned with the following issues: Cost of production The condition of the means of production Keeping production going Health and safety Keeping employees motivated Keeping up to date with technology Satisfying the requirements of customers Maximising the use of plant Minimising the waste of materials Finance: The finance department is the department that controls and deals with the money. The finance department are responsible for keeping all financial records and documentations of money that comes in and out of the business. The finance team are responsible for submitting tax reports and company registration. Once HR have agreed the salaries and bonuses that the staff at Cadbury are entitled to they then would issue all wages and preform the relevant tax reductions or national insurance contributions. The finance department control all giving budgets to each department, this is set in place so each department can achieve their objectives and do not waste money. Managers see these budgets and compare the sales and targets that had been met and the finance department then make plans for the future that will help the business to achieve its objectives. Human Resources One of the key roles of this department is the ability to keep everyone happy; they are concerned with the welfare of the staff, people whom come in contact with the company and welfare of the business by following employment laws and ensuring health and safety. When you have happy staff you have motivated staff and this helps to achieve the objectives. HR is also responsible for all training that has to be taken to ensure the company are up to date with the way the company functions and that all health and safety is being met. HR department employ and deploy staff as they would be fully trained in ethical issues and again the employment laws and ensure the equal opportunity procedures are in place and being followed, this avoids any law suits and trade union issues. Administration and IT The administration department within Cadbury are the department that provide support to all other departments within the organisation, they create a working order, which provides routine and functions smoothly. This support could be invoicing, photocopying, letter writing, posting the mail, collecting the post and distributing it correctly throughout the departments, attending meetings and taking minutes and then typing them up, keeping records of relevant information on the business, maintaining the computer systems, software, the security of the systems and the building and security and cleaning. Marketing and sales Marketing is the department that identifies the customers needs by carrying out marketing research alongside the research and development department, they develop the right products and promotions that need to be focused on within the needs and requirements of products requested by the companys customers and this helps to increase profit and keep the sales teams achieving their targets and objectives. To achieve the companys objectives the marketing team must get 4 main areas right: Products they must identify what is suitable for the target market, what brings total satisfaction to the customers, what customers would like them to produce, what is selling the most or what could do with some extra support due to low sales. Price- They must investigate the going rates or other suppliers to assure they dont overprice or under-price a product. Place- To identify where and what areas are selling certain product this would benefit the production team as they could work a system out to avoid waste and additional losses. Promotion-To identify where and when to promote a product, for example if a Christmas limited addition product became available, it would be irrelevant to advertise or promote this product in February. The above 4 areas help Cadbury to achieve at least 2 of their objectives: to be the number one product in a given market maximising profit Research and development Within the research and development department is where the staff at Cadbury investigates new products and try and improve the sales of existing products, this would involve going out and using different research mythologies, the staff in this area would perform surveys, experimental research and even observational research. They would examining competitors and try and find a gap in the market for any new product. The research and development department have to work very closely to marketing and productions to be able to achieve the right results to turn the findings of the research into useful products that will help Cadbury to achieve their objectives. Customer services The customer services department is to assure the customers are 100% happy with the products and services that Cadbury provide; within in this department they deal with customers questions and concerns. This department will help to gain a customers trust back if an unfortunate error has occurred. Having un-happy customers can affect Cadbury objectives, and having well trained professional staff to assist in certain areas of customer services can help promote and regain customers trust, to be able to meet the objectives. The managers This would be the people who wants order, control they love structure and high performance they like everything to be out into its place, unlike the technician who strives off of detail and knowledge and how to perform the task, the manager loves the order and they want everything to be done in a manner that gives consistency. The Entrepreneur This would be the person inside of you that strives for the business, dreams and focuses on the business becoming bigger and more known to the world. Sometimes you would find that the technicians and the manager seem to take over and forget about the person striving to make the business more of a success, to provide them with more jobs that can resolved or more jobs to organise, going out there to market the business, to make a business a really great business, you have to allow the dreamer to dream, you have to be able to work on your business not just in your business. As you can see from my examples above the manager and the technician work in the business and the entrepreneur works for the business. Each person has relevant tasks so that the objectives can be solved so the aims can be achieved Business Objectives of Cadbury and how they relate to the stakeholders Cadbury aims and Objectives Cadbury aims are what they want to achieve in the long run, and objectives are used to high light how those aims are going to be achieved. Objectives can be in a form of targets and challenges for the business to achieve the aims. Cadbury aims are to: Maximise profit To be the number one product in a given market To maximise sales To grow To operate in a wide range of markets Have a good reputation To provide freedom for workers to express themselves and suggest ideas to help the business Achieve best possible financial return on capital Boost or maintain share market values Cadbury use aims and objectives as they are the foundation for decision making within the company. It provides long term thinking its measurable and controlling and it motivates and inspires workers and employees, its direct, it focuses on efforts and unifies the company and most importantly it communicates with shareholders and employers regarding the businesses future. Cadbury use the S.M.A.R.T objective method to set their short term objectives. These objectives have to be set for the business, products or services. Specific The objectives should specify what Cadbury want to achieve, for example they may want to achieve a 3% market share in 12 months. Measurable The objectives should specify how you are going to measure whether you are achieving the objective. For Example a 3% market share over 12 months means that each month market share targets can be measured. Achievable The Objective must be achievable and attainable. For example Is the 3% objective for the 12 months achievable? Does Cadbury have the resources, man power and finances to achieve it? Realistic Can the objectives realistically be achieved with the resources you have? For example: Is the 3% objective over a 12 month period realistic or does the company need longer? Does the company have the skills and resources to achieve this over the time period set. Timely When do you want to achieve the set objectives? Without a timescale it is difficult to set dates for the achievement of key tasks and milestones. For Example: In our company have set themselves a period of 12 moths to achieve the 3% market share. Stakeholders A stakeholder is a person or an organisation that takes interest into a business and are there for effected by the way that it may be run; this would be in the areas of success and failure. Stakeholders can be people within the business or outside of the business; the different types of stakeholders can hold different views and can affect the way the owner wants to conduct the business which can affect the aims and objectives. I am going to give some examples on stakeholders and how they can affect the aims and objectives of Cadbury. Workers/employees To be able to give the workers/employees a sense of ownership the company must keep them up to date with what is going on with the business; this helps to improve performances and motivates the employees. The workers/employees are main stakeholders in the business because their motivation and happiness keeps the performance of the business running smooth and relies on them for the business to survive. Employees at Cadbury are called internal stakeholders; Cadbury have meetings to inform colleges about any changes and hear their views on the running of the company. Cadbury use research skills to find out if the employees are 100% satisfied or to enquire how they feel within the company. They provide the employees with newsletters and access to forums and account information to keep them informed with what is going on. This helps Cadbury to achieve their aims and objectives as it keeps the staff motivated and satisfied that they know what is happening within the company, if this did no t happen then employees would feel confused and this would affect their skills to perform the tasks. For example: if Cadbury was to introduce a new machine to make the work more efficient and faster, then the employees will require training as soon as possible to ensure that the production will run smoothly and effectively. If this was not done you would find that the employees would be stresses from trying to learn the machine themselves, errors could lead to faulty equipment and the company could lose profit due to the fact the employee was either slow or made an error as he was never given training. This would also make the employee feel very disappointed and could lead them to feel they were not doing their job correctly. In a worse situation the employee could have an accident on that machine, which could lead to a law suit. An employee to a Cadbury would want to achieve the best possible results, to gain profit and ensure the Cadbury is a success so it could continue to provide an income, if Cadbury was to collapse then the employee would then be affected as they would have to seek further employment. Customers A customer who is interested or purchases a product that Cadbury provided, also become stakeholders. Customers are external stakeholders of Cadbury which does not directly link them with the company, but have a major part of helping Cadbury meet their aims and objectives, without customers none of the aims could be met and Cadbury SMART objective method could not possibly be met and the business would just collapse. Cadbury customers are mainly interested in the price of the product and the hygiene of the factories and the machinery. Managers Managers have a key part in Cadbury as a stakeholder as they are interested how the business is run and how the employees are being motivated, to achieve the targets set by the company; they are interested in the control of the company, salaries and bonuses that could help them to influence the staff to perform the relevant objectives. The managers have a fear of loss profit as they want job security as it would be hard for them to find another job especially if the company have to re-locate or stop producing. Owners Owners are also stakeholders and these are the people who can control what Cadbury achieve and how they run their business, an area of interest for the owners of Cadbury is to maintain a good relationship with the suppliers and keeping financiers happy as Cadbury are always marketing and researching new ideas for chocolate products that having a well-established and not in debt with suppliers or other financiers ie: banks, taxman or employees, with provide them with bigger opportunities and the flexibility to produce the products when and when they can, so owners of Cadbury must make sure they use their money wisely. Local Community The local community can play a major part in Cadbury business objectives as they are stakeholders, who live in or work in the area where the factories are producing the products, this could have interests in the pollution or the traffic that the factory is creating, leading to complaints. The owners could decide they want to work all night and this could affect the residents who wish to sleep but cannot due to the noise that the factory works are making. Yet on the other hand Cadbury could open up a new factory in a new area, and this could create jobs and provide them people with an income lower the employability statistics in the area of job seekers and improve their quality of life. Government The Government are also stakeholders and take interest in the laws and legislation of Cadbury, the governments decisions can have an impact on the aims and objectives as the laws they enforce can actually shut the company down, they have to ensure the factory is following the health and safety and that the hygiene levels are met as they are producing a food product. The government also have a interest to see Cadbury achieve there aims and objectives as if the company stops producing products, staff would then be made redundant and then the employment rates will drop and no contributions will be made to the gross national product. Another interest that the government would have is that the company achieve their aims and objectives as they employ a lot of staff and each staff member would have to pay tax that would then be used for healthcare and education. Suppliers Suppliers are stakeholder within Cadbury. Cadbury are currently buying products from over 40,000 suppliers around the world; Cadbury strive to work with their suppliers giving them the opportunity to give suggestions on how they would improve quality of efficiency, this gives the supplier the ability to be flexible and feel appreciated and allows room for a very solid business relationship. Cadbury undertakes an evaluation on all potential suppliers to ensure that they are a fair trade company, such as standards that have to be met by the environmental protection and ethical labour practices. Suppliers would take interest into Cadbury as they supply the materials to Cadbury to produce their products, they want to see the business succeed, so that their orders dont stop coming and they still receive a regular income.

William Wells Brown and the Jefferson and Hemings Scandal Essay example

William Wells Brown and the Jefferson and Hemings Scandal William Wells Brown wrote Clotel or The President's Daughter, a (fiction) novel based on the rumors surrounding Thomas Jefferson's affair with Sally Hemings, his slave. Brown learned of the scandal while working in several antislavery activities following his escape from slavery in 1834. Brown wanted not only to improve the social status of blacks and to support abolition through his writing, but also to encourage his readers to "develop a skeptical relationship to glorified stories of the national past" (Levine 15). He chose to write a novel that not only questioned slavery, but also questioned the validity of the principles that this nation was founded on. Rumors about the affair between Thomas Jefferson and Sally Hemings were circulating on a small scale after Hemings gave birth to several children who were noticeably light-skinned. Visitors as early as 1796 to Monticello, Jefferson's home in Virginia, often noted, "Mr. Jefferson's [slaves] had neither in their color nor features a single trace of their origin" (Rothman 87). It was clear to many that the slave children at Monticello were the result of interracial sexual relationships. Not until James Callender made a public accusation in 1802, however, did the scandal make its way into the press. James Callender was a supporter of Jeffersonian Republican politics, and he began writing political columns for the Philadelphia Gazette in the 1790s. His views were more extreme than those of the political party that he supported, however, and his writing was untactful. He attacked politicians who belonged to other parties, and exposed scandals where scandals could be found (or created?). He was eventually fire... ...lgram, Jeff. "In Jefferson-Hemings DNA test, media found failing: Research director sees 'biggest science story' as widely misinterpreted." Packet Online. 29 Apr. 2000 <http://www.google. com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.pacpubserver.com/new/new s/images/philosophicock. jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.pacpubserver. com/new/news /4-29 00/jefferson.html&h=325&w=326&sz=26&tbnid=hIml z3nbCtYJ:&tbnh=113&tb nw=113 &start=11 &prev=/images%3Fq%3DThomas%2BJefferson,%2B Sally%2 BHemings%26svnum%3D 10%26h1%3Den%261r%3D%26sa%3DG>. Rothman, Joshua D. "James Callender and Social Knowledge of Interracial Sex in Antebellum Virginia." Jan Ellen Lewis, and Peter S. Onuf. Sally Hemings & Thomas Jefferson: History, Memory, and Civic Culture. Charlottesville: University Press of Virginia, 1999. "A Philosophic Cock," a caricature of Thomas Jefferson and Sally Hemings, 1802 (Milgram 1).

The Impact of Teaching on Students Essay -- English Writing Teacher St

A number of people whom I have heard recount their former school days with an overall sense of calm or detachment have been moved to more intensity when speaking of their experiences with writing. Their stories either enthusiastically celebrate the encouragement and praise offered by teachers who facilitated their self-confidence and pride, or are miserable tales that depict feelings of humiliation, disappointment and failure. A closer look at these two extremes is imperative as we consider teaching writing and the impact of that teaching on the students. While listening to recollections of English classes, I have found that it is not unusual for the stories of a single individual to weigh as heavily in one direction as the other. One of the reasons I feel strongly about this issue is that it mirrors my own experiences as a returning student. Like the others with whom I’ve spoken, I have been applauded by some teachers and judged harshly by others. Comments on my papers have ranged from, â€Å"An outstanding essay. I enjoyed reading it immensely,† and â€Å"This is one of the best papers I’ve gotten in years. I shared it with a colleague of mine,† to â€Å"Who ever taught you how to write?† and â€Å"What? What? Cut, cut, cut. So wordy. Not more backfill!† A simple explanation might be that disparaging comments were directed at early writing and praise at later work, but that is not the case. What then can be the reason? Inconsistent work, of course, or perhaps the incongruity can be explained by the subjectivity inherent in the judgment of writing, particularly when contrasted with a more systematic assessment tool like multiple choice tests (there is subjectivity even in these, as regards wording and interpretation of the questions, but that is ... ...ucating Other People’s Children.† Cross-Talk in Comp Theory: A Reader. Ed. Victor Villanueva, Jr. Urbana, IL: NCTE, 1997. Elbow, Peter. Writing Without Teachers. London: Oxford University Press, 1973. Emig, Janet. â€Å"Writing as a Mode of Learning.† Cross-Talk in Comp Theory: A Reader. Ed. Victor Villanueva, Jr. Urbana, IL: NCTE, 1997. Murray, Donald M. â€Å"Writing as Process: How Writing Finds Its Own Meaning.† Learning By Teaching. Portsmouth, NH: Heinemann, 1982. 17-31. Originally published in Timothy R. Donovan and Ben W. McClelland, eds. Eight Approaches to Teaching Writing. Urbana, IL: NCTE, 1980. Perl, Sondra. â€Å"Understanding Composing.† College Composition and Communications 31 (1980): 363-369. Reprinted in Gary Tate, Edward P. J. Corbett and Nancy Myers, eds. The Writing Teacher’s Sourcebook, 3rd edition. New York: Oxford University Press, 1994. 149-154. The Impact of Teaching on Students Essay -- English Writing Teacher St A number of people whom I have heard recount their former school days with an overall sense of calm or detachment have been moved to more intensity when speaking of their experiences with writing. Their stories either enthusiastically celebrate the encouragement and praise offered by teachers who facilitated their self-confidence and pride, or are miserable tales that depict feelings of humiliation, disappointment and failure. A closer look at these two extremes is imperative as we consider teaching writing and the impact of that teaching on the students. While listening to recollections of English classes, I have found that it is not unusual for the stories of a single individual to weigh as heavily in one direction as the other. One of the reasons I feel strongly about this issue is that it mirrors my own experiences as a returning student. Like the others with whom I’ve spoken, I have been applauded by some teachers and judged harshly by others. Comments on my papers have ranged from, â€Å"An outstanding essay. I enjoyed reading it immensely,† and â€Å"This is one of the best papers I’ve gotten in years. I shared it with a colleague of mine,† to â€Å"Who ever taught you how to write?† and â€Å"What? What? Cut, cut, cut. So wordy. Not more backfill!† A simple explanation might be that disparaging comments were directed at early writing and praise at later work, but that is not the case. What then can be the reason? Inconsistent work, of course, or perhaps the incongruity can be explained by the subjectivity inherent in the judgment of writing, particularly when contrasted with a more systematic assessment tool like multiple choice tests (there is subjectivity even in these, as regards wording and interpretation of the questions, but that is ... ...ucating Other People’s Children.† Cross-Talk in Comp Theory: A Reader. Ed. Victor Villanueva, Jr. Urbana, IL: NCTE, 1997. Elbow, Peter. Writing Without Teachers. London: Oxford University Press, 1973. Emig, Janet. â€Å"Writing as a Mode of Learning.† Cross-Talk in Comp Theory: A Reader. Ed. Victor Villanueva, Jr. Urbana, IL: NCTE, 1997. Murray, Donald M. â€Å"Writing as Process: How Writing Finds Its Own Meaning.† Learning By Teaching. Portsmouth, NH: Heinemann, 1982. 17-31. Originally published in Timothy R. Donovan and Ben W. McClelland, eds. Eight Approaches to Teaching Writing. Urbana, IL: NCTE, 1980. Perl, Sondra. â€Å"Understanding Composing.† College Composition and Communications 31 (1980): 363-369. Reprinted in Gary Tate, Edward P. J. Corbett and Nancy Myers, eds. The Writing Teacher’s Sourcebook, 3rd edition. New York: Oxford University Press, 1994. 149-154.

John Miltons Paradise Lost Essay -- John Milton Paradise Lost Essays

John Milton's Paradise Lost John Milton’s Paradise Lost is filled with fantastical tales from the depths of Hell, extravagant descriptions of the fallen angels, and a curious recitation of the council of demons in their new palace. How did Milton dream up such vivid depictions of such horrible demons as the ones we see in Book I? Most of his fallen angels originate in the form of Pagan gods condemned by the Bible, with actual historical backgrounds which Milton cites in his lengthy descriptions. Firstly, a few words about Satan would seem prudent, as he is the first of the fallen angels, the leader in the revolt, and the first to venture to earth to corrupt mankind. He is Milton’s main character, and the only one to extend outside of strict biblical interpretations of his character. He appears first in the Bible (if you discount the snake in the Garden of Eden) in the Book of Job, in which he convinces God to test Job by taking away all his worldly possessions and bringing harm to himself and his family. He is addressed with the angels and named as Satan, so his status as an angel who helps bring pain and suffering is no stretch from the ‘biblical truth’. Old Testament Books such as Isaiah and Ezekiel refer to what appears to be Satan, but are in the midst of passages that reflect upon wicked, fallen kings. In Isaiah 14:12 it is written, â€Å"how you are fallen from heaven, O Lucifer, son of the morning!† Most speculation is that this directly refers to Satan, although in no other passage is he referred to as Lucifer. The passage is actually concerning a Babylonian king, as is Ezekiel 28:14-15, which laments (for the King of Tyre), â€Å"you were the anointed cherub†¦ till iniquity was found in you.† These passages are about wick... ...of the Memphian Kings (Egyptian Pharoah’s at the great city of Memphis) who built the Great Pyramids, one of the Seven Wonders of the World, but whose city Memphis sustained much damage throughout the years (the city decayed and the capital eventually moved to Thebes). These are the players of Milton’s epic of light and darkness, good and evil, Heave, Hell, and everything in between. Expounding upon popular beliefs of Satan and his rogue angels and borrowing Pagan gods from old Palestine and Jordan enable the creation of almost Protagonist demons. Though it’s easy to relate to Satan as a rebellious child dealing with punishment, the poem preaches that you strictly obey God. God is omnipotent, omniscient (he even sees Satan’s approach from the depths of Hell), he has conquered countless false and pagan gods, his word is not to be questioned as Adam and Eve did.

Education System In The Middle East

The public instruction system in Egypt consists of three degrees: the basic instruction phase for 4-14 old ages old: kindergarten for two old ages followed by primary school for six old ages and preparative school for three old ages. Then, the secondary school phase is for three old ages, for ages 15 to 17, followed by the third degree. Education is made compulsory for 9 academic old ages between the ages of 6 and 14. Furthermore, all degrees of instruction are free in any authorities tally schools. Harmonizing to the World Bank, there are great differences in educational attainment of the rich and the hapless, besides known as the â€Å" wealth spread. † Although the average old ages of school completed by the rich and the hapless is merely one or two old ages but the wealth spread reaches every bit high as nine or ten old ages. In the instance of Egypt, the wealth spread was a modest 3 old ages in the mid1990s [ Overall, the composite instruction Index in the MENA Flagship R eport: The Road Not Traveled showed promising consequences of Egypt ‘s comparative educational accomplishments. Of the 14 MENA states analyzed, Egypt achieved the cosmopolitan primary instruction and has besides reduced the gender spread at all degrees of direction, but there is still a demand to better the quality of instruction. Promotional scrutinies are held at all degrees except in classs 3, 6 and 9 at the basic instruction degree and the classs 11 and 12 in the secondary phase, which apply standardised regional or national tests. The Ministry of Education is responsible for doing determinations about the instruction system with the support of three Centers: the National Center of Curricula Development, the National Center for Education Research, and the National Center for Examinations and Educational Evaluation. Each centre has its ain focal point in explicating instruction policies with other province degree committees.On the other manus, the Ministry of Higher Education supervises the higher instruction system. There is besides a formal instructor ‘s making path in topographic point for basic and secondary instruction degrees. The instructors are required to finish four old ages of pre-service classs at university to come in the instruction profession. Specifically with regard to teacher ‘s professional development to raise mathematics, scientific discipline and engineering instruction criterions, the Professional Academy for Teachers offer several plans. Local instructors besides take portion in the international professional preparation plans. Get downing in 2007, the Ministries of Education, Finance, and Local Development ( and others ) started informal treatments to experiment with the decentalisation of instruction. Working groups were established to do more formal proposals. Proposals included thoughts for get downing with recurrent outgos, utilizing a simple and crystalline expression for transporting out financial transportations, and doing certain that transportations would make the school itself. During 2008 design was carried out, three pilot governorates ( Faiyum, Ismailia, and Luxor ) were chosen, and monitoring and capacity edifice procedures and manuals were agreed upon. The expression is rather simple, and includes registration, poorness, and phase of instruction as drivers. During 2009 support was decentralized all the manner to the school degree, and schools began to have support. As of late 2009, the pilot showed few if any jobs, and the expected consequences were happening rather good, in footings of exciting community engagement, leting schools to pass more expeditiously and measure their ain precedences, and increasing the earnestness of school-based planning by making a agency to finance such programs, among other expected consequences. An informal appraisal of the pilot revealed that the support expression money precipitated an addition in community contributions. The study consequences show that the ratio of the average values of community contributions of the pilot twelvemonth to the old twelvemonth was 2.20. Parallel to these attempts in the instruction sector, other sectors ( for illustration, certain facets of lodging and municipal services ) in Egypt are be aftering to deconcentrate decision-making and disbursement, now nation-wide ( withou t a pilot phase in limited governorates ) , in a phased attack. Education programs to be one of the lead sectors in this procedure. In add-on to administrative and fiscal decentalisation, there is an increasing accent on affecting elected local popular councils ( which exist at governorate and territory degree ) in the horizontal inadvertence of outgo and planning across the decentralizing sectors, and as they come on watercourse in the decentalisation procedure. Within the instruction sector, as of late 2009 programs are being made to deconcentrate certain lines of support and planning for capital equipment and substructure, in all governorates, all the manner to school degree in the instance of smaller units of capital equipment, or degrees higher than the school for points such as new substructure. The instruction sector does anticipate to go on to utilize the original 3 pilot governorates as a particular observatory to measure and understand how good the procedure is continui Government SchoolsBy and large talking, there are two types of authorities schools: Arabic Schools and Experimental Language Schools.Arabic Schools, provide the governmental national course of study in the Arabic Language. A governmental English linguistic communication course of study is taught get downing at first Primary twelvemonth and French is added as a 2nd foreign linguistic communication in Secondary Education. Experimental Language Schools, teach most of the authorities course of study ( Science, Mathematics and Computer ) in English, and adds Gallic as a 2nd foreign linguistic communication in Preparatory Education. An Advanced English linguistic communication course of study is provided in all Educational phases. Social Studies are taught in Arabic. Students are admitted into first class at age seven ; a twelvemonth older than Arabic schools. Private Schools By and large talking, there are four types of private schools: Ordinary schools, their course of study is rather similar to that of the authorities schools, but the private schools pay more attending to the pupils ‘ personal demands and to the school installations. Language schools, teach most of the authorities course of study in English, and add Gallic or German as a 2nd foreign linguistic communication. They are expected to be better than the other schools, because of the installations available, but their fees are much higher. Some of these schools use Gallic or German as their chief linguistic communication of direction, but it may be hard for the pupil to analyze in governmental universities in Arabic or English subsequently. Religious Schools, are sacredly oriented schools as Azhar schools or Catholic schools. International Schools, are private schools that follow another state ‘s course of study, like a British, American, or Gallic system, and the grades earned from them acquire official enfranchisement from the Ministry of Education, to be eligible to inscribe in Egyptian universities, such schools offer even better installations & A ; activities than regular private schools with higher fees, but are criticized to be supplying a much easier instruction degree compared to the general course of study, and some Egyptian universities require higher classs than those of regular schools pupils as a lower limit for registration, or an excess high school certification like SAT Many of the private schools were built by missionaries, are presently affiliated with churches and provide quality instruction. Many private schools offer extra educational plans, along with the national course of study, such as the American High School Diploma, the British IGCSE system, the Gallic baccalaureat, the German Abitur and the International Baccalaureate. These are the types of private schools in Egypt. Basic Education The basic instruction consists of pre-primary, primary and preparative degrees of instruction. In Egypt, the Ministry of Education coordinates the preschool instruction. In 1999-2000 the entire registration rate of pre-primary pupils was 16 per centum and that increased to 24 per centum in 2009. Irrespective of private or province tally, all preschool establishments come under Ministry of Education. It is the Ministry ‘s responsibility to choose and administer text editions. Harmonizing to the Ministry ‘s guidelines, the maximal size of a preschool should non transcend more than 45 pupils. Ministry of Education is besides acquiring support from the international bureaus, such as the World Bank to heighten the early childhood instruction system by increasing entree to schools, bettering quality of instruction and edifice capacity of instructors At the primary degree pupils could go to private, spiritual or authorities schools. Presently, there are 7.8 per centum of pupils enrolled at primary degree in private schools as of 2007.The entire registration of pupils at primary degree is 105 per centum in 2007. The scrutinies at class 3 are on territory ( edara ) level The 2nd grade of basic compulsory instruction is the preparative phase or lower secondary which is three old ages long. Completion of this grade grants pupils the Basic Education Completion Certificate. The importance of completion of this degree of instruction is to safeguard pupils against illiteracy as early bead outs at this phase easy recede into illiteracy and finally poorness. Secondary instruction consists of three paths: general, vocational/technical and the dualsystem vocational instruction which represented I Mubarak Kohl schools. The general secondary phase includes 3 old ages of instruction, whereas the secondary vocational path could be for 3-5 years.And 3 old ages for the double system vocational education.To enter the secondary degree, the pupils must go through a national te st which is given at terminal of the secondary phase. As of twelvemonth 2004 the 77.3 per centum of pupils finishing preparatory phase are estimated to be enrolled in secondary education.At this degree, pupils have formative and summational appraisals during the first twelvemonth and the norm of the terminal of twelvemonth national standardised tests for twelvemonth two and three qualifies the pupils to take the Certificate of General Secondary Education-Thanawiya Amma, which is one of the demands for admittance into the universities. So far attempts are afoot with the support of many-sided organisations to do the general and vocational secondary system less stiff and supply equal chances to pupils of assorted wealth quin tiles in the two paths to choose for higher instruction. This is besides being implemented by the World Bank led secondary sweetening undertaking in Egypt. A Secondary Education Secondary instruction consists of three paths: general, vocational/technical and the dualsystem vocational instruction which represented I Mubarak Kohl schools. The general secondary phase includes 3 old ages of instruction, whereas the secondary vocational path could be for 3-5 years.And 3 old ages for the double system vocational education.To enter the secondary degree, the pupils must go through a national test which is given at terminal of the secondary phase. As of twelvemonth 2004 the 77.3 per centum of pupils finishing preparatory phase are estimated to be enrolled in secondary instruction.At this degree, pupils have formative and summational appraisals during the first twelvemonth and the norm of the terminal of twelvemonth national standardised tests for twelvemonth two and three qualifies the pupils to take the Certificate of General Secondary Education-Thanawiya Amma, which is one of the demands for admittance into the universities. So far attempts are afoot with the suppo rt of many-sided organisations to do the general and vocational secondary system less stiff and supply equal chances to pupils of assorted wealth quintiles in the two paths to choose for higher instruction. This is besides being implemented by the World Bank led secondary sweetening undertaking in Egypt. Secondary instruction consists of three different types: general, proficient or vocational. Technical/Vocational Secondary Education Technical instruction, which is provided in three-year and five-year plans, includes schools in three different Fieldss: industrial, commercial and agricultural. The UN and other many-sided organisations are working towards bettering the proficient and vocational preparation system in Egypt. It is recommended to the Ministry of Education to present wide vocational accomplishments in the course of study of general secondary schools. In this manner pupils will be able to derive enfranchisement in practical accomplishments needed in the occupation market The Ministry of Education ( MoE ) controls pre-tertiary, school-based plans that can get down after grade 6 and that enroll the largest figure of pupils in TVET-over 2 million pupils. The Ministry of Higher Education ( MoHE ) controls the in-between proficient institutes ( MTIs ) . These draw their registrations from MoE ‘s general secondary schools or proficient schools and have much small er registration Numberss. Graduates o f the MoE ‘s vocational plans can come in vocational preparation centres ( VTCs ) From the 2004 information, it is estimated that 30 per centum of the secondary pupils have opted for the vocational track Government of Egypt has undertaken some assuring enterprises to beef up the direction and reform of the TVET system.In 2006 the Industrial Training Council ( ITC ) was created through a ministerial edict with a authorization to better coordination and way of all preparation related entities, undertakings and policies in the Ministry.This will decide the issue faced by most houses to use skilled work force.According to the Enterprise Surveys in 2007, 31 per centum of the houses in Egypt place labour skill level as the major restraint of making concern in the state. Al Azhar Education System Another system that runs in analogue with the public educational system is known as the Al-Azhar system. It consists of six old ages of primary phase, a three twelvemonth preparatory phase and eventually three old ages of secondary phase. The Ministry of instruction reduced the figure of secondary school old ages from four to three old ages in 1998, so as to aline the Al Azhar system with the general secondary instruction system. In this system every bit good, there are separate schools for misss and male childs. Al Azhar instruction system is supervised by the Supreme Council of the Al-Azhar Institution. The Azhar Institution itself is nominally independent from the Ministry of Education, but is finally under supervising by the Egyptian Prime Minister.Al Azhar schools are named â€Å" Institutes † and include primary, preparatory, and secondary phases.All schools in all phases teach spiritual topics and non-religious topics, to a certain degree- non every bit intensively as t he province schools. The majority of the course of study, nevertheless, consists of spiritual topics as described below. All the pupils are Muslims, and males and females are separated in all phases. Al-Azhar schools are all over the state, particularly in rural countries. The alumnuss of Al-Azhar secondary schools are eligible to go on their surveies merely at the Al-Azhar University. As of 2007 and 2008, there are 8272 Al-Azhar schools in Egypt. In the early 2000s, Al-Azhar schools accounted for less than 4 % of the entire enrollment.The alumnuss of this system are so automatically accepted into Al-Azhar University.In 2007, the Pre-University registration in Al- Azhar institutes is about 1,906,290 pupils. Higher Education System Egypt has a really extended higher instruction system. About 30 % of all Egyptians in the relevant age group go to university. However, merely half of them alumnus. Harmonizing to The Economist, criterions of instruction at Egyptian public universities are â€Å" abysmal † . The Ministry of Higher Education supervises the third degree of instruction. There are a figure of universities providing to pupils in diverse Fieldss. In the current instruction system, there are 17 public universities, 51 public non-university establishments, 16 private universities and 89 private higher establishments. Out of the 51 non -university establishments, 47 are biennial in-between proficient institutes ( MTIs ) and four are 4-5 old ages higher proficient institutes ‘ . The higher instruction cohort is expected to increase by close to 6 per centum ( 60,000 ) pupils per annum through 2009 In 1990, a statute law was passed to supply greater liberty to the universities17. But still the instruction substructure, equipment and human resources are non in topographic point to provide to the lifting higher instruction pupils. Gross registration in third instruction increased from 27 per centum in 2003 to 31 per centum in 2005.But there has non been a similar addition in passing on bettering the higher instruction system in footings of debut of new plans and technologies.Both at national degree ( inspection systems, scrutinies ) and at local degree ( school degree pupil appraisals ) steps of the success of instruction schemes and the public presentation of the system are weak. The inspectorate system does non supply either solid proficient support to school staff, nor an effectual monitoring mechanism for neglecting schools. The scrutiny system at the terminal of preparatory and secondary levels-Thanawiya Awwa, does non mensurate higher-order thought accomplishments, but conc entrates instead on rote memorisation. Tonss can therefore be raised significantly by test specific tutoring, hence, pupils with more resources can afford private tutoring which helps them to hit higher on the national standardised tests and hence are accepted in top universities in Egypt. Hence, this competitory procedure of choice restricts pupils ‘ grade options and consequences, therefore doing pupils choose for plans and callings which are of small involvement to them The Egyptian third instruction is steered by a centralised system with establishments holding small control on the determinations of the course of study, plan development and deployment of staff and module. Bettering system administration and efficiency is an imperative that takes on added urgency given that a important population bump has reached the higher instruction system.The existent figure of pupils come ining higher instruction grew by 17 per centum per twelvemonth between 1992/93 and 1997/98. The effect was a crisp diminution in per pupil disbursement of around 40 per centum in existent footings over that period. The higher instruction cohort is projected to go on to increase by close to 6 per centum ( 60,000 pupils ) per annum through 2009. This means that important efficiencies will necessitate to be introduced into the system merely to keep quality at its current unequal degree. The public presentation and quality of higher instruction is presently badly compromised by ex cessively centralized order to better the already out-of-date system, stiff course of study and instruction patterns. Bettering system administration and efficiency is an imperative that takes on added urgency given that a important population bump has reached the higher instruction system.The existent figure of pupils come ining higher instruction grew by 17 per centum per twelvemonth between 1992/93 and 1997/98. The effect was a crisp diminution in per pupil disbursement of around 40 per centum in existent footings over that period. The higher instruction cohort is projected to go on to increase by close to 6 per centum ( 60,000 pupils ) per annum through 2009. This means that important efficiencies will necessitate to be introduced into the system merely to keep quality at its current unequal degree [ The Government of Egypt recognizes that there are existent challenges to be faced in the sector, foremost amongst which are the demand to significantly better sector administration and efficiency, increase institutional liberty, significantly better the quality and relevancy of higher instruction plans, and maintain coverage at bing degrees. Recent Government actions to construct political consensus on issues critical to reform hold created a clime that is mature for alteration. The Ministry of Higher Education ( MOHE ) acts as a title-holder for reform. The Minister, appointed in 1997, rapidly established a commission for the reform of higher instruction ( known as the HEEP Committee ) which drew in a broad scope of stakeholders including industrialists and Parliamentarians. A National Conference on higher instruction reform was held in February 2000, and a Declaration for action emanating from the Conference was endorsed by the President and the Prime Minister. The Declaration identified 25 specific reform enterprises. The Bank agrees with, and supports, the Declaration. A scope of many-sided and bilateral bureaus, including the World Bank, besides concur wi th the Declaration ‘s proposals, and are committed to back uping assorted facets of the reform procedure, The Government ‘s Higher Education Reform Strategy Egyptian higher instruction reform scheme included 25 undertakings turn toing all the reform domains, is implemented over three stages until 2017, and corresponds to the authorities ‘s five twelvemonth programs as follows: First stage from 2002 to 2007 Second stage from 2007 to 2012 Third stage from 2012 to 2017 Precedence has been given to 12 undertakings in the first stage of execution ( 2002-2007 ) and were integrated into the undermentioned six undertakings: HEEP Six Priority Projects ( 2002-2007 ) Higher Education Enhancement Project Fund ( HEEPF ) , Information and Communications Technology Project ( ICTP ) , Egyptian Technical Colleges Project ( ETCP ) , Faculty of Education Project ( FOEP ) , Faculty Leaders Development Project ( FLDP ) , Quality Assurance and Accreditation Project ( QAAP ) . In August 2004, HEEP strategic precedences were adjusted to go antiphonal to the demands of quality and accreditation and to match to the authorities ‘s attack to bettering scientific research. The accommodation added two more dimensions: foremost, developing station alumnus surveies and scientific research and second, turn toing pupils ‘ extra-curricular activities in add-on to the continued execution of the six prioritized plans during the first stage. Due to the dynamic nature of the reform scheme, which entails reconsidering precedences for each period, a Strategic Planning Unit ( SPU ) was established for the MOHE to guarantee the sustainability of planning and undertaking monitoring during the three stages and for future 1s. A Students ‘ Activity Project ( SAP ) was besides initiated as portion of plan accreditation similar to scientific research and station alumnus surveies. There are both private and public establishments of higher instruction in Egypt. Publ ic higher instruction is free in Egypt, and Egyptian pupils merely pay enrollment fees. Private instruction is much more expensive. A Education and the Community There were a few efforts for positive impact and reform from the civil community in Egypt but those attempts remained really limited on their impact on the educational procedure. Education crisis in Egypt is really complicated, public instruction is non capable of supplying quality instruction are barely any instruction with the deficit in installations, deficiency of trained pedagogues and rising prices in categories. Private ( including International ) is still incapable of reform for the deficiency of involvement, deficit in trained pedagogues, faulty course of study, commercialisation of instruction and eventually a customized accreditation system that involves the irrevokable licensure of International schools based on campaigning for accreditation while campaigning for accreditation is originally based on the initial efficiency of the school in supplying the educational services including its position as a legal instruction supplier that it does n't acquire to acquire unless it s a campaigner school, which is puting the cart before the Equus caballus. No community attempts have been done to turn to the crisis of instruction in Egypt until 2008, when the [ International-Curricula Educators Association O ¬U†¦O?USO © U†¦O?U„U†¦US O §U„U†¦U† O §U†¡O ¬ O §U„O?U?U„USO © ( ICEA ) ] . was established with modest fiscal resources but great outlooks. The Community addressed itself to lending to work outing the educational jobs in Egypt including the deficit in research, statistics and entrepreneurship in the field of instruction. On 2009 it ‘s started affecting voluntaries through the UNV plan and has successfully began to develop its scope of not-for-profit services to turn to several demands of the educational community in Egypt get downing from low-cost certified instructor preparation and traveling doing its manner through all the needed pupil activities exciting citizenship whether on the local or the planetary degree. Challenges Although important advancement has been made to increase human capital base through improved instruction system, still the quality of instruction experience is low and unevenly distributed. Due to miss of good quality instruction at the basic and secondary degrees, there has been a mushrooming market for private tutoring. Now to take private tuition has become more of an duty than a remedial activity. Harmonizing to the Egypt Human Development Report ( 2005 ) , 58 per centum of surveyed households stated that their kids take private tutoring. The CAPMAS ( 2004 ) study showed that families spend on norm about 61 per centum of entire instruction outgo on private tutoring. In add-on, per family outgo of the richest quintile on private tutoring is more than seven times that of the poorest. Among the issues is the deficiency of sufficient instruction in public schools and the demand for private tuition. As of 2005, 61-70 % of Egyptian pupils attend private tuitionOther common issues inclu de: larceny of public educational financess and escape of exams.. Egypt besides has a deficit of skilled and semi-skilled workforce.But there has been an copiousness of low-skilled labourers. Even if there are any high-skilled workers available, their quality of preparation is rather hapless. This is largely a job in small-medium companies and big public industries that work in â€Å" protected † domestic markets. The mean gross production per worker is lower than other North African states: Maroc and Tunisia. Youth unemployment is besides really high, chiefly due to deficiency of instruction system in supplying necessary preparation under TVET plans. A survey conducted by UNESCO on educational equity in universe ‘s 16 most thickly settled states placed Egypt in the in-between scope in footings of equity of primary and secondary registrations across governorates in Egypt But when the wealth constituent is added to education attainment, the consequences are non really encouraging. There are significantly higher registration rates in wealthier parts at both the primary and secondary degrees. This confirms that more attempts are needed to cut down the wealth spread in educational attainment